Pipe Design and Production

Marine Piping Systems

Ship Piping Systems

Bilge System

Bilge System

Bilge System
Basic requirement is to provide effective drainage
to all dry spaces and at the same time prevent
water from entering the spaces through this
system.
Discharge of oily water from machinery spaces is
to comply with MARPOL Annex 1
Oily water is treated in an oily-water separator
before being allowed to be discharged.
Discharge water must be monitored with purity
not to exceed ppm set by MARPOL.

Bilge System
Bilge main diameter, dm
d m 1.68 L ( B D) 25

(mm)

L = length of ship
B = Breadth
D = Depth

Branch bilge main diameter, db

d b 2.15 l ( B D) 25
l = length of compartment

(mm)

Bilge System
Bilge pump capacity, Q
2

dm
Q 5.75 3
10

(m3/h)

Two bilge pumps are required

Suctions are arranged such that water can be
pumped out when ship is inclined 5
Arrangement must be such that water cannot pass
from sea or ballast system into dry spaces through
the bilge system

Oily-water Separator

Ballast System

Ballast System

Ballast System
For safe operation, at least two ballast pumps are
to be connected to ballast tanks.
Stripping eductor can also be used for emptying
the bilges in cargo holds with 2 non-return valves
between hold and system
Ship side valve material must not of grey cast iron
and to direct mechanical manual operate

Air and Sounding Systems

Purposes
to secure ventilation of tanks, cofferdam and
tunnels to prevent over-pressurizing and vacuum
(air pipes)
to ascertain the level of liquid in tanks, cofferdam
and tunnels (Sounding pipes)
Vent pipes need to prevent flooding of spaces
through their upper ends
Vent pipes need to safely prevent flammable
liquids or vapours due to their fire hazards

Air and Sounding Systems

Machinery Spaces
Heavy fuel oil overflow tank has short self-closing
type sounding pipe
HFO overflow tank air pipe is led to open deck as
required.
Lubricating oil sump tank air pipe may end inside
machinery space but away from ignition sources

Air and Sounding Systems

Machinery Spaces
Air or overflow pipes internal are are normally
required to be 1.25 times the area of respective
filling pipes for a tank.
Velocity in the air pipe is not to exceed 4 m/s
when using one pump for one tank.

Air and Sounding Systems

Air and Sounding Systems

Fire-Fighting Systems
Fire-fighting System

Fire-Fighting Systems
Three groups:
Fire Main
Seawater as fire extinguishing medium
At least two fire pumps and are located in two different
compartments
An international shore connection is provided at port
and starboard for external water supply
System is tested with at least streams of water directed
from one fire pump.
Pressure relief valve is fitted to mains to protect sudden
over-pressure.

Fire-Fighting Systems
Three groups:
Carbon Dioxide system
Dry fire protection
Used in compartments that have potential for fire:
engine room, emergency generator room, paint locker
and galley hood
System is equipped with audio and visual alarm to alert
personnel to evacuate
Prior to CO2 release, ventilation fans and fire damper to
be shut.

Fire-Fighting Systems
Three groups:
Sprinkle system
Wet fire protection mainly for accommodation area
System is filled with fresh water and pressurized by
compressed air
Subsequently, water is supplied from fire main
Sprinkle and fire main systems are separated by an
alarm check valve.
When the pressure in the sprinkle drops below the fire
main fire pressure, the fire main pressure will overcome
the internal pressure of the valve lift and automatically
push open to accommodate the fire main.

Fuel Oil Systems

Main concerns
Fire hazards

Flash point
Insulation
Remote control of fuel oil valves
Stopping of pumps
Collection of drains from leaks

Materials
Fuel oil pipes and their valves and fittings is required to
be of steel or other fire-resistance materials

FO Storage and Transfer

FO Storage and Transfer

FO Storage and Transfer

Important concerns
Overflow pipes
Quick-closing valves
Drain to waste oil tanks (spill trays)
Level gauge with heat-resistant glass for sounding
Remote control of fuel oil valves
Insulation of hot surfaces where fuel oil leaks
(possibly in a spray form) is possible

HFO Settling Tank

HFO Service Tank

Quick-closing Valves

FO Supply to Engine

FO System

FO Supply to Engine
Main components
Storage (bunkers)
Transfer pump
Settling tank
Heater
Purifier
Service tank
Filter
Viscosity controller
Return Tank (10 to 15 minutes engine operation)

HFO Duplex Filter

HFO Transfer Pump

HFO Heater

HFO Separator

HFO Separation System

Diesel Fuel Separation System

Diesel Fuel Separation System

Lubricating Oil Storage and Transfer

Lubricating Oil Storage and Transfer

Main components
Filling from deck to tanks
Main LO storage tank to deliver to ME sump tank
Quick-closing valves operable from outside ER
where valves are below top of tanks (not
applicable for small tanks below 0.5 m3)
Air pipes may terminate inside ER provided their
openings do not constitute a fire hazard
Duplex filters (or self-cleaning) are used without
interrupting operations

Lubricating Oil Circulation System

Lubricating Oil Service Tank

Lubricating Oil Pump

Lubricating Oil Filter Self-cleaning

Lubricating Oil Filter Self-cleaning

Lubricating Oil System - Thermostatic Valve

Shell-and-Tube LO Cooler

Lubricating Oil Purifier

Lubricating Oil Purifier

Seawater Cooling System

Seawater Cooling System

Arrangement
Conventional and Central cooling
High and low sea chests
Suctions are arranged from two sea inlets
preferably on the opposite sides of the ships
Filters can be cleaned without interrupting the
water supply in the system.
Temperature controlled three-way valves to recirculate water when the water is cold

Seawater Cooling System

Overboard Discharge

Freshwater Cooling System

Freshwater Cooling System

Freshwater Cooling System

Arrangement
Freshwater from engine is delivered to freshwater
generator (evaporator)
Pressure in the system is regulated by he
expansion tank
Temperature-controlled three-way valves to allow
re-circulation
High-temperature circuit (jacket cooler), lowtemperature circuit (lubricating oil)

Freshwater Generator (Evaporator)

Freshwater Cooler (Plate-type)

Jacket Water Pump

Freshwater Header Tank

Compressed Air System

Compressed Air System

Normally three systems
Starting air
Service air
Control air

Require two main compressors to charge two air

receivers from atmospheric within one hour
Capacity of receivers sufficient to produce:
12 starts for reversible engines
6 starts for non-reversible engines
3 starts for auxiliary engines

Compressed Air System

No connections to other machinery between air
compressors and main air receivers
Emergency air compressor can be diesel driven or
power supplied from emergency generator
Pressure reduction stations and filters are required
to be duplicates
Safety relief valves are fitted at receivers and set at
10% above operating pressure
Compressed air line is classes as Class II due to
high pressure.

Air Compressors

Air Receivers

Auxiliary Air
Receiver

Emergency Air Receiver

Control Air Dryer (Refrigerant-type)

Pressure-reducing Station

Domestic Water System

Domestic
Water
System

Domestic Water System

Freshwater is made by Freshwater generator
(evaporator)
Delivery of water to accommodation from
hydrophore units is by compressed air
Domestic water is sterilized before consumption
Domestic water is heated and then circulated (by
hot-water circulating pumps)
Domestic water is also used by HFO, DO and LO
separators

Hydrophore
unit

Domestic Water Heater

Power Generating System

Generator System
Diesel
Generator
System

Steam System

Steam
System

Steam System
Normally divided into:
Feed water systems
Steam supply
For heating tanks
For heating pipelines
To heat exchangers

Condensate

Heat of exhaust gas is recovered in economizer to

generate steam
Diesel propulsion system is normally fitted with
an auxiliary boiler

Steam System
Steam with pressure above 7 bar or temperature
above 170C are considered Class II piping.
Steam with pressure above 16 bar or temperature
above 300C is of Class I piping.
With respect to materials for valves and fittings in
Class II piping system, grey cast iron may not be
used up to ND 200, pressure up to 13 bar and
temperature up to 250C

Auxiliary Boiler

Cargo Pump Turbine and Condenser