Electrical Component

(Passive)
Introduction
Resistor
Capacitor
Inductor
 Introduction
• Passive: Capable of operating without an
external power source.
– Typical passive components are resistors,
capacitors, inductors and diodes .
• Active: Requiring a source of power to
operate.
– Includes transistors (all types), integrated
circuits (all types), TRIACs, SCRs, LEDs, etc.
 Resistor (R)
• Definition-Resistor is a two-terminal or electronic
component the opposes an electric current by
producing a voltage drop between terminals in
proportion to the current, that is, in accordance
Ohm Law’s; V=IR. Symbol
• Type of resistor-
– Fixed resistor
– Variable resistor
• Influences factor of resistance Unit : ohm (Ω)

Temperature
 u r
lo
Co e
o d
C Colour First Band Second Band Multiplier Tolerance

Black 0 0 1

Brown 1 1 10

Red 2 2 100

Orange 3 3 1,000

Yellow 4 4 10,000

Green 5 5 100,000

Blue 6 6 1,000,000

Violet 7 7 1,000,0000

Grey 8 8 1,000,00000

White 9 9 1,000,000000

Gold 0.1 ±5%

Silver 0.01 ±10%

Non ±20%
Table 1.1 - Resistor Colour Code
Example: To determine a resistance
value using the resistor colour code

1. A resistor has colour code : yellow, violet, red

and gold.
• the value of resistor is : AB X 10c ± D% Ω
: 47 X 102±5%Ω
:4.7K±5%Ω
2. A resistor has colour code : yellow, violet,
black, red and gold.
• the value of resistor is : ABC X 10D ± E% Ω
:470 X 102±5%Ω
: 47K±5%Ω
3. A resistor has colour code : red, green,
orange, and gold.
• the value of resistor is : AB X 10c ± D% Ω
: 25 X 103±5%Ω
: 25K 103±5%Ω
 Capacitor (C)
• Definition-electrical component that stores
electrical charge. It consist of two conductor
surface separated by a layer insulating medium
called dielectric
• Type of capacitor Symbol
– Fixed capacitor
– Variable capacitor
• Influence factor of capacitance
– The surface area of plate, A Unit :
– The gap between the two plates, d farads(F)
– Type of dielectric material used,ε
– The thickness of dielectric
 Inductor(L)
• Definition- component that can store energy in a
magnetic field created by the electric current passing
through it.
• Type of inductor
– Fixed inductor
– Variable inductor
• Influences factor of inductance Symbol
– Numbers of turn in coil, N
– Absolute permeability, µ₌µ0 µr
– Cross sectional area of core, A
– Current flows, I
– Length of coil, l
– Amount of flux, ф
= Henry
Unit (H)