PRESENTATION ON VALVE REFACING

AND VALVE SEAT GRINDING

Presented to:
Mr. Rajan Karir
Associate Prof.
UCE, RTU, KOTA

VALVE AND VALVE SEAT

What is valve..?

Valve is a device
to close and open
a passage . In
motor vehicle
engine mainly two
valves are used
for each cylinder
an inlet valve and
an exhaust valve.

Inlate and exhaust valve

The INTAKE VALVE is larger than

the EXHAUST VALVE because the
intake charge is being drawn
into the combustion chamber at
a low speed due to differences in
pressure between atmospheric
pressure and the pressure
(vacuum) inside the cylinder.
The exhaust is actually pushed
out by the piston and, therefore,
the size of the valve does not
need to be as large, leaving
more room in the cylinder head
for the larger intake valve.
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3D view of valve

Plan and side view of valve

Material selection for

valve
Inlet valves is usually made of nickel
chromium alloy steel
Exhaust valve is made of an alloy of silicon
and chromium steel which is a corrosion
and heat resisting material
Exhaust valve is subjected to more heat
then the inlet valve so material used for
exhaust valve is silchrome steel which has
an abnormal heat resisting property

Valve troubles
1)valve stickingValve sticking take place due
to the gum or carbon
deposits on the valve stem
Excessive valve stem
clearance speeds up valve
deposits
in every stroke , the oil will
be pulled through this
clearance into the
combustion chamber where
it will burn

This causes excessive oil consumption ,

engine deposits, pre ignition , clogged
piston rings and fouled spark plugs
Another cause of valve sticking is warped
stem , due to over- heating , eccentric seat
and cocked spring or retainer
Valve sticking also take place due to
insufficient oil
Sometimes , valve will stick when cold but
will work free as the engine warm up

2)Valve burning

Valve burning may

take place due to any
condition that prevents
normal exhaust valve
seating
Poor seating speeds up
valve heating
If water circulation
around the valve seat
is clogged , it will cause
over-heating of valves

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engine overloading or overheating will also heat the

valve
A lean air-fuel mixture causes valve burning . In this
cause, the fuel system should be serviced
Sometimes valve burning occurs due to guttering.
This is caused by carbon deposits on the valve face
and seat.
Parts of the deposits break off to form a path through
which exhaust gas can pass when the valve is closed

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3)Valve breakage
If there is excessive valve
tappet clearance , the
tappet will strike the
valve like hammer
If the seat is eccentric to
stem or if the valve
spring or retainer is
cocked then the valve will
be subjected to side
movement every time its
seats . This will cause it
to fatigue and break

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4)Valve face wear

Valve face wearing takes
place due to the
excessive tappet
clearance or dirt on the
valve face or seat
Excessive tappet
clearance causes heavy
impact seating i.e.
wearing on the valve and
it may cause valve
breakage also.

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5)Valve deposits
Excessive rich mixture ,
improper combustion ,
defective ignition, loss of
compression are the
causes of carbon
deposits on the valve

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Need for valve refacing and

valve seat grinding

There comes a time in the life of every

valve when it must either be replaced or
reconditioned. Valve face become worn and
eroded as the seats wear , the stems wear
where they contact the guides, and the tips
of the stem can become worn or
mushroomed from the constant friction with
the rocker arms or cam followers

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Heat also play a roll on the valves the

hotter the valve run they undergo
undesirable metallurgical changes.
Exhaust valve runs hundreds of degree
hotter than intake valve and may
experience burning or failure if the valve
makes poor contact with the seat or guide.
Engine overheating because of a cooling
problem or lean fuel condition may be a
contributing factor

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Refacing
This process is done
by a machine
known by its name
This machine
consists of grinding
wheel operated by
an electric motor
The valve is held in
chuck which can be
moved at any angle

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Put the valve into

the chuck and
tighten it. Move
the face of the
valve across the
valve grinding
wheel

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Valve grinding
This is a procedure done to restore the valve
and valve seats
At every overhauling of engine valve seat must
be inspected
Due to usage of poor quality fuels and etc , the
valve seat may get pitted , get more wide etc.
by cutting valve seat and grinding this problem
may be rectified
The valve seat may be cut using a valve seat
grinder
The valve seat cutter fitted on the valve seat,
moves along valve guide
The tool is rotated by hand by means of sliding
handle provided at the top

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Grinding stone and wheel dresser

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Valve grinding

Valves are refinished on face angle using a

valve grinder
Grinding wheel is dressed with an industrial
diamond
Very little metal is removed from surface of the
valve face

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SPECIFICATIONS THAT ARE TO

BE CHECKED IN CASE OF
VALVE FAILURE

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Checking valve stems

Valves wear: oil consumption results

Measure the valve stem with a micrometer

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Checking valve springs

Springs are tested

for:
Tension
&
Height

Specifications are
available in the
service manual

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