Physics Lab Presentation

ENVIRONMENTAL/SAFETY IMPACTS
OF SELECTED INDUSTRIES

Presenter : 1) Kautham Thamilarasu

TB 14002
2) Muhamad Fadzil Bin Che Ani
TB 14022
3) Muhammad Hanif Ikhwan Bin
Razali
TB 14024

Selected
Experiment

Hookes Law

Barometry

Hookes Law
Experiment

Objecti
ve

Introducti
on

Literat
ure
Review

Applicatio
n

Improv
e

Conclusi
on

What is the purpose/

objective of this
experiment ?
To determine the spring constants of helical
springs
To measure the elongation of a rubber band

Hookess Law states the restoring force, Fs of

spring is directly proportional to the amount of
stretch or compression (extension or
elongation), x if the limit of proportionality is
not exceeded.
where
Fs : the restoring force of spring
k : the spring constant or force constant
x : the amount of stretch or compression n (xi
xf )

Introduction &
Theory

 The extension of a material is proportional to the load

applied in Newtons, this is only when a material is still
within its elastic potential. If a force is applied the
material extends by a certain amount, if the force is
doubled then the extensions experienced by the
material is also doubled. While within its elastic
potential the material will return to its original shape
when the force applied is removed. Once a material has
passed its elastic potential the extension exponentially
increase when more force is applied and will not return
to its original shape when the force applied is removed.
The force applied can also be referred to as stress or
strain that acts upon the material, where stress is
within the material and strain is the force responsible
for the stress.
The stretching of a spring can be used as a good
example of the first law of thermodynamics (similar to
the law of conservation of energy). For example: when a
mass is added to a hanging spring the gravitational
potential energy stored in the mass is used to extend
the spring, thereby converting it into elastic potential

 With no weight added to the spring there is

no extension.
When a force is added the spring extends.
The mass added can be used to calculate the
force applied with the formula: F = m g,
where m is the mass added (in Kg) and g is
the force due to gravity (9.81 NKg).
When adding known masses and recording
the extension in a table will allow a graph
showing the extension against the force
applied can be produced to show the linear
relationship.
When too much mass is added the
relationship will no longer be linear, it will
produce a curved line on a graph

Literature

The real world

application of these
experiments towards
industries/advance
technologies

Gun

Keyboard

Matress

 The thicker the spring the

better quality (Material)
Smaller diameter spring can
increase the quality of spring

How do you
propose to
improve it?

 Overall, the experiment succeeded in showing that

gases are in static equilibrium when the quotients
of force, F and area, A has the same value of all
points.
We were also listed down the possibility to
produce equilibrium for both syringes.
We obtained that theoretically and experimentally
the same results which we only need small effort
for small area of syringe to produce a greater
force on the large area of syringe.
In addition, the experimental error also occur
throughout the experiment when the instrument
that we used not produced an accurate reading of
the scale of the syringes and also been interrupted
by others factors.

Conclusio

BAROMETRY
EXPERIMENT

Objecti
ve

Introducti
on

Literat
ure
Review

Applicatio
n

Improv
e

Conclusi
on

What is the purpose/

objective of this
experiment ?
Demonstrate that gases are in a static
equilibrium when the quotients of force F and
area A, has the same value at all points.


Pressure
is the force on an object that is spread over a surface
area. The equation for pressure is the force divided by the area
where the force is applied. Although this measurement is
straightforward when a solid is pushing on a solid, the case of a
solid pushing on a liquid or gas requires that the fluid be
confined in a container. The force can also be created by the
weight of an object.

where
Pis the pressure
Fis the applied force
Ais the surface area where the force is applied
isFdivided byA

Introduction &
Theory

 Pressure is equal to the force divided by the area on

which it acts.
This fundamental characteristic of fluids provides
the foundation for hydraulic systems found in
barbershop chairs, construction equipment, and the
brakes in your car.
The force applied to the contained fluid is
distributed throughout the system, we can multiply
the applied force through this application of Pascals
Principle in the following manner.
In a hydraulic system a pressure exerted on a piston
produces an equal increase in pressure on another
piston in the system.

Literatur
e Review

The real world

application of these
experiments towards
industries/advance
technologies

 Mechanical advantage(leverage)
Hydraulic force multiplication

Hydraulic drive
a small torque can be
transmitted into a large
force.
pressure in the system
is the same, the force
that the fluid gives to
the surroundings is
therefore equal to
pressure area.

Hydraulic press machine

 Electric drive systems using

electric servo-motors can
be controlled in an
excellent way and can
easily compete with
rotating hydraulic drive
systems.
Choosing a multi-grade
hydraulic fluid with a high
viscosity index

How do you
propose to
improve it?

 Hooke's Law says that the stretch of a

spring is directly proportional to the
applied force.
(Engineers say "Stress is proportional
to strain".)
In symbols, F = kx , where F is the
force, x is the stretch, and k is a
constant of proportionality.
If Hooke's Law is correct, then, the
graph of force versus stretch will be a
straight line.

Conclusi
on

REFERENCES
http://global.britannica.com/EBchecked/to
pic/445445/Pascals-principle
http://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/k-12/WindTun
nel/Activities/Pascals_principle.html
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A3or
mYVZMXE
https://
www.youtube.com/watch?v=dnebaW-a338
https://hookeslawblog.wordpress.com/2-d
iagram
/
http://
auto.howstuffworks.com/auto-parts/brakes/brak