CCTV Digital Basics

Unit 2 Video Compression

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Unit 2 Video Compression

Objectives

After completing this unit, you will be able to:

Define video compression
Identify the 2 main benefits of video compression
Identify and describe different video compression
techniques
Describe the different video file formats and their
intended uses
Determine the relationships between image capture,
compression type, file size and record time
Determine the image capture and compression
options for a given need using a reference table

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Unit 2 Video Compression

Compression terms
Compression The reducing of digital data by
looking at numerical repeating patterns or similarities.

Compression engines Software tools used to

perform file compression.

Algorithms Special procedures or formulas used by

compression engines to calculate and solve repetitive
mathematical problems.

Codec Generic term referring to the software and/or

hardware used to transform and/or compress data to
signals or signals to data.
(code/decoder or compress/decompress)
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Unit 2 Video Compression

Benefits of video compression:
Less storage required allows for more image data
in less storage space, reducing file storage cost.

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Unit 2 Video Compression

Benefits of video compression:
Less storage required allows for more image data
in less storage space, reducing file storage cost.
Faster file transfer rates allows for increased
flexibility and speed in transmitting video data.
Reduced transmission bandwidth requirements.
The challenge of video file compression is in achieving
the proper balance between file size compression and
image quality.
File compression is expressed as a ratio:
Original file size to New file size
(such as 30:1)
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Unit 2 Video Compression

File size and recording requirements
Video
File Type

File Size
(per image)

Hours of recording by hard drive size

30 GB

75 GB

150 GB

240 GB

640 GB

No Compression Color Video (460 TVL) = 650,000 Bytes (65 KB)

60 ips

39 MB

0.21

0.53

1.07

1.71

4.56

20 ips

13 MB

0.64

1.60

3.21

5.13

13.68

5 ips

3.2 MB

2.56

6.41

12.82

20.51

54.70

1 ips

65 KB

12.82

32.05

64.10

102.56

273.50

Medium Compressed Color Video (Standard resolution) = 15,000 Bytes(1.5 KB)

60 ips

90 KB

9.26

23.15

46.30

74.07

197.53

20 ips

30 KB

27.78

69.44

128.89

222.22

592.59

5 ips

7.5 KB

111.11

277.78

555.56

888.89

2370.37

1 ips

1.5 KB

555.56

1388.89

2777.78

4444.44

11851.85

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Unit 2 Video Compression

File compression types

Hours of recording by hard drive size

Lossy Compression The loss of some file data

by the elimination of redundant or unnecessary
No Compression Color Video (460 TVL) = 650,000 Bytes (65 KB)
information.
Most video compression engines use some sort
of lossy compression

Lossless Compression The reduction of file

sizeCompressed
in such aColor
wayVideo
that(Standard
no data
information
lost
Medium
resolution)
= 15,000is(1.5
KB)
and is completely restored upon uncompressing.

Often used for software programs, spreadsheets

and text data

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Unit 2 Video Compression

Video has two dimensions that can be compressed
Hours
of recording
by hard generated
drive size
1) The individual video
files
of each frame
by the camera

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Unit 2 Video Compression

Video has two dimensions that can be compressed
Hours
of recording
by hard generated
drive size
1) The individual video
files
of each frame
by the camera.

Intra-frame
compression
Reducing the size
each individual video
frame generated.
Also known as
Full Frame Refresh

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Unit 2 Video Compression

Video has two dimensions that can be compressed
Hours ofbetween
recording the
by hard
drive size
2) The sequence of action
different
video frames.

Inter-frame compression
Reducing the differences between a succession of
frames.
Also known as Conditional Refresh

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Unit 2 Video Compression

Inter-frame compression
Hours of recording by hard drive size
Little change between video frames allows for great
image compression ratios
High Compression

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Unit 2 Video Compression

Video compression standards

Hours of recording by hard drive size

H.320 A lossy standard mainly for video

conferencing, using real-time, two way video
No Compression Color Video (460 TVL) = 650,000 Bytes (65 KB)
transmission. Consists of sub-standards
H.221 multiplexing, audio, video and control
information

H.261 file coding/decoding and compression

techniques
(similar
MPEGresolution)
compression)
Medium
Compressed Color
Videoto
(Standard
= 15,000 (1.5 KB)
H.323 standards for networks (TCP/IP)
H.324 standards for analog modem
connections and lines
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Unit 2 Video Compression

Video compression standards

Hours of recording by hard drive size

JPEG An intra-frame lossy standard designed

for storage of individual frame data files.
No Compression Color Video (460 TVL) = 650,000 Bytes (65 KB)

Usually use with individual graphic/photo image

files

M-JPEG Applies the individual JPEG

compression to the sequence of video frames.

Medium Compressed Color Video (Standard resolution) = 15,000 (1.5 KB)

Used widely in security, because of ability to

access individual captured frames
Also called Motion-JPEG

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Unit 2 Video Compression

Video compression standards
Hours of recording by hard drive size

MPEG A lossy compression that uses both Interframe and Intra-frame alogithms. A family of
No Compression Color Video (460 TVL) = 650,000 Bytes (65 KB)
MPEG compression standards exist:

MPEG-2 Created for digital TV, and provides a

number of quality selection options.

Provides standards for interlacing video frames

toCompressed
meet theColor
needs
of(Standard
broadcast
TV, HDTV,
and
Medium
Video
resolution)
= 15,000 (1.5
KB)
DVD
Requires substantial computing power for
compression

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Unit 2 Video Compression

Video compression standards

Hours of recording by hard drive size

MPEG-4 A lossy, Inter-frame compression that is

Wavelet based. It uses object coding to identify
No Compression Color Video (460 TVL) = 650,000 Bytes (65 KB)
and separate motion for stationary data.
Primarily designed for streaming media, CD
distribution, videophones, and broadcast TV

Compression is good for graphics, text, 2-D and

3-D
animation
gaming).
Medium
Compressed
Color(video
Video (Standard
resolution) = 15,000 (1.5 KB)

Wavelet Uses whole frame, wave form analysis

compression. It compares data differences and
passes the sum differences along.
Provides high compression with less artifacts

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Unit 2 Video Compression

JPEG vs. Wavelet Compression

JPEG
40:1

Wavelet
40:1

JPEG
176:1

Wavelet
176:1

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Wavelet
1000:1

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Unit 2 Video Compression

Video compression standards
MPEG1
Wavelet

Compression
Type

&
Inter-frame
Conditional
Refresh
Lossy

MPEG2
Wavelet

&
Inter-frame
Conditional
Refresh
Lossy

MPEG4
Wavelet

&
Inter-frame
Conditional
Refresh
Lossy

WAVELET
Wavelet

Intra-

frame
Full Frame
Refresh
Lossy

M-JPEG

H.320/261

Intra-frame

Inter-frame

Full

Conditional

Frame
Refresh
Lossy

Refresh
Lossy

Typical
Compression
(same
quality)

30:1
to
100:1

20:1
to
100:1

20:1
to
300:1

15:1
to
300:1

15:1
to
25:1

20:1
to
100:1

Bandwidth
Requiremts

1-3 Mbps

5-15 Mbps

0.5 4 Mbps

1-4 Mbps

10-26 Mbps

20 kbps 2 Mbps

Data storage
&
Transmission

Data storage
&
Transmission

Image quality
&
Image retrieval

Image quality
&
Image
retrieval

Data storage
&
Transmission

Divar

Eazeo
DiBos
(JPEG)

Compression
Strengths
Products

HiQ

Web
streaming
video phone
& data
storage
VideoJet
DiBos 8

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Unit 2 Video Compression

Answer the review questions

for Unit 2

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Unit 1 Defining Digital

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