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Rotational Motion
x = r
x = r
Angular Velocity = =
d
dt
Angular Acceleration = =
d
dt
x = r
Angular Velocity = =
d
dt
Angular Acceleration = =
d
dt
Example: A centrifuge starts from rest and spins for 7 seconds until it reaches 1000 rpm.
Find the final angular velocity and the angular acceleration (assume constant).
x = r
Angular Velocity = =
d
dt
Angular Acceleration = =
d
dt
Example: A centrifuge starts from rest and spins for 7 seconds until it reaches 1000 rpm.
Find the final angular velocity and the angular acceleration (assume constant).
rpm stands for revolutions per minute we can just do a unit conversion:
1000rev 2rad 1min
rad
104.7 sec
1min
1rev 60 sec
x = r
Angular Velocity = =
d
dt
Angular Acceleration = =
d
dt
Example: A centrifuge starts from rest and spins for 7 seconds until it reaches 1000 rpm.
Find the final angular velocity and the angular acceleration (assume constant).
rpm stands for revolutions per minute we can just do a unit conversion:
1000rev 2rad 1min
rad
104.7 sec
1min
1rev 60 sec
15 rad2
sec
t
7 sec
We can use this technique to find angular motion formulas from the analogous
linear motion formulas we already know. Here are some kinematics formulas.
(these are in a table on page 292 of your book)
Linear Motion (constant a)
x=x0+v0t+at2
=0+0t+t2
v=v0+at
=0+t
v2=v02+2a(x-x0)
2=02+2(-0)
We can use this technique to find angular motion formulas from the analogous
linear motion formulas we already know. Here are some kinematics formulas.
(these are in a table on page 292 of your book)
Linear Motion (constant a)
x=x0+v0t+at2
=0+0t+t2
v=v0+at
=0+t
v2=v02+2a(x-x0)
2=02+2(-0)
Here is a kinematics example: A cyclist starts from rest and accelerates to a speed of 15 m/s in a
time of 25 sec. Assume the tires have a diameter of 700mm and that the acceleration is constant.
Find the total number of revolutions that the wheels make during the 25 second interval.
We can use this technique to find angular motion formulas from the analogous
linear motion formulas we already know. Here are some kinematics formulas.
(these are in a table on page 292 of your book)
Linear Motion (constant a)
x=x0+v0t+at2
=0+0t+t2
v=v0+at
=0+t
v2=v02+2a(x-x0)
2=02+2(-0)
Here is a kinematics example: A cyclist starts from rest and accelerates to a speed of 15 m/s in a
time of 25 sec. Assume the tires have a diameter of 700mm and that the acceleration is constant.
Find the total number of revolutions that the wheels make during the 25 second interval.
We basically have two options on how to proceed. We can switch to angular variables right away, or
we can do the corresponding problem in linear variables and translate at the end.
We can use this technique to find angular motion formulas from the analogous
linear motion formulas we already know. Here are some kinematics formulas.
(these are in a table on page 292 of your book)
Linear Motion (constant a)
x=x0+v0t+at2
=0+0t+t2
v=v0+at
=0+t
v2=v02+2a(x-x0)
2=02+2(-0)
Here is a kinematics example: A cyclist starts from rest and accelerates to a speed of 15 m/s in a
time of 25 sec. Assume the tires have a diameter of 700mm and that the acceleration is constant.
Find the total number of revolutions that the wheels make during the 25 second interval.
Switching to angular variables right away:
Convert to angular velocity:
15 ms
42.9 rad
s
0.35m
We can use this technique to find angular motion formulas from the analogous
linear motion formulas we already know. Here are some kinematics formulas.
(these are in a table on page 292 of your book)
Linear Motion (constant a)
x=x0+v0t+at2
=0+0t+t2
v=v0+at
=0+t
v2=v02+2a(x-x0)
2=02+2(-0)
Here is a kinematics example: A cyclist starts from rest and accelerates to a speed of 15 m/s in a
time of 25 sec. Assume the tires have a diameter of 700mm and that the acceleration is constant.
Find the total number of revolutions that the wheels make during the 25 second interval.
Switching to angular variables right away:
Convert to angular velocity:
15 ms
42.9 rad
s
0.35m
Find angular acceleration:
42.9 rad
s
25s
1.7 rad
2
s
We can use this technique to find angular motion formulas from the analogous
linear motion formulas we already know. Here are some kinematics formulas.
(these are in a table on page 292 of your book)
Linear Motion (constant a)
x=x0+v0t+at2
=0+0t+t2
v=v0+at
=0+t
v2=v02+2a(x-x0)
2=02+2(-0)
Here is a kinematics example: A cyclist starts from rest and accelerates to a speed of 15 m/s in a
time of 25 sec. Assume the tires have a diameter of 700mm and that the acceleration is constant.
Find the total number of revolutions that the wheels make during the 25 second interval.
Switching to angular variables right away:
Convert to angular velocity:
15 ms
42.9 rad
s
0.35m
Find angular acceleration:
42.9 rad
s
25s
1.7 rad
2
s
We can use this technique to find angular motion formulas from the analogous
linear motion formulas we already know. Here are some kinematics formulas.
(these are in a table on page 292 of your book)
Linear Motion (constant a)
x=x0+v0t+at2
=0+0t+t2
v=v0+at
=0+t
v2=v02+2a(x-x0)
2=02+2(-0)
Here is a kinematics example: A cyclist starts from rest and accelerates to a speed of 15 m/s in a
time of 25 sec. Assume the tires have a diameter of 700mm and that the acceleration is constant.
Find the total number of revolutions that the wheels make during the 25 second interval.
Switching to angular variables right away:
Convert to angular velocity:
15 ms
42.9 rad
s
0.35m
Find angular acceleration:
42.9 rad
s
25s
1.7 rad
2
s
Convert to revolutions:
531.25rad
84.6rev
rad
2 rev
We can use this technique to find angular motion formulas from the analogous
linear motion formulas we already know. Here are some kinematics formulas.
(these are in a table on page 292 of your book)
Linear Motion (constant a)
x=x0+v0t+at2
=0+0t+t2
v=v0+at
=0+t
v2=v02+2a(x-x0)
2=02+2(-0)
Here is a kinematics example: A cyclist starts from rest and accelerates to a speed of 15 m/s in a
time of 25 sec. Assume the tires have a diameter of 700mm and that the acceleration is constant.
Find the total number of revolutions that the wheels make during the 25 second interval.
This time do the linear problem first:
Find linear acceleration:
a
15 ms
25s
0.6 m2
s
Convert to revolutions:
187.5m
85.3rev
m
2(0.35 ) rev
Some other topics for linear motion are Energy, Forces and Momentum.
All of these have analogues for rotational motion as well. Forces and
Momentum will be covered in chapter 10. That leaves us with Energy.
Any moving object will have Kinetic Energy. This applies to rotating
objects. Heres a Formula:
Krotational
1
2
Some other topics for linear motion are Energy, Forces and Momentum.
All of these have analogues for rotational motion as well. Forces and
Momentum will be covered in chapter 10. That leaves us with Energy.
Any moving object will have Kinetic Energy. This applies to rotating
objects. Heres a Formula:
Krotational
1
2
I 2
The I in our formula takes the place of m (mass) in the linear formula.
We call it Moment of Inertia (or rotational inertia). It plays the same
role in rotational motion that mass plays in linear motion (I quantifies
how difficult it is to produce an angular acceleration.
The value for I will depend on the shape of your object, but the basic
rule of thumb is that the farther the mass is from the axis of rotation,
the larger the inertia.
Page 299 in your book has a table of formulas for different shapes.
These are all based on the formula for a point particle.
Iparticle mR 2
Problem 9.48
A solid uniform sphere and a uniform spherical shell, both having the same mass and radius, roll without
slipping down a hill that rises at an angle above the horizontal. Both spheres start from rest at the
same vertical height h.
a) How fast is each sphere moving when it reaches the bottom of the hill?
b) Which sphere will reach the bottom first, the hollow one or the solid one?
Problem 9.48
A solid uniform sphere and a uniform spherical shell, both having the same mass and radius, roll without
slipping down a hill that rises at an angle above the horizontal. Both spheres start from rest at the
same vertical height h.
a) How fast is each sphere moving when it reaches the bottom of the hill?
b) Which sphere will reach the bottom first, the hollow one or the solid one?
We can use conservation of energy for this one. Since they
dont mention it we can ignore rolling friction and just assume
that the total energy at the top equals the energy at the bottom.
Problem 9.48
A solid uniform sphere and a uniform spherical shell, both having the same mass and radius, roll without
slipping down a hill that rises at an angle above the horizontal. Both spheres start from rest at the
same vertical height h.
a) How fast is each sphere moving when it reaches the bottom of the hill?
b) Which sphere will reach the bottom first, the hollow one or the solid one?
We can use conservation of energy for this one. Since they
dont mention it we can ignore rolling friction and just assume
that the total energy at the top equals the energy at the bottom.
EBottom ETop
Problem 9.48
A solid uniform sphere and a uniform spherical shell, both having the same mass and radius, roll without
slipping down a hill that rises at an angle above the horizontal. Both spheres start from rest at the
same vertical height h.
a) How fast is each sphere moving when it reaches the bottom of the hill?
b) Which sphere will reach the bottom first, the hollow one or the solid one?
We can use conservation of energy for this one. Since they
dont mention it we can ignore rolling friction and just assume
that the total energy at the top equals the energy at the bottom.
EBottom ETop
K Lin K Rot UGrav
1 mv 2
2
21 I2 mgh
Problem 9.48
A solid uniform sphere and a uniform spherical shell, both having the same mass and radius, roll without
slipping down a hill that rises at an angle above the horizontal. Both spheres start from rest at the
same vertical height h.
a) How fast is each sphere moving when it reaches the bottom of the hill?
b) Which sphere will reach the bottom first, the hollow one or the solid one?
We can use conservation of energy for this one. Since they
dont mention it we can ignore rolling friction and just assume
that the total energy at the top equals the energy at the bottom.
EBottom ETop
K Lin K Rot UGrav
1 mv 2
2
21 I2 mgh
1 mv 2
2
21 I
vr 2 mgh
Problem 9.48
A solid uniform sphere and a uniform spherical shell, both having the same mass and radius, roll without
slipping down a hill that rises at an angle above the horizontal. Both spheres start from rest at the
same vertical height h.
a) How fast is each sphere moving when it reaches the bottom of the hill?
b) Which sphere will reach the bottom first, the hollow one or the solid one?
We can use conservation of energy for this one. Since they
dont mention it we can ignore rolling friction and just assume
that the total energy at the top equals the energy at the bottom.
EBottom ETop
K Lin K Rot UGrav
1 mv 2
2
21 I2 mgh
1 mv 2
2
21 I
vr 2 mgh
At this point we can substitute the formula for each shape (from table 9.2 on page 279)
Problem 9.48
A solid uniform sphere and a uniform spherical shell, both having the same mass and radius, roll without
slipping down a hill that rises at an angle above the horizontal. Both spheres start from rest at the
same vertical height h.
a) How fast is each sphere moving when it reaches the bottom of the hill?
b) Which sphere will reach the bottom first, the hollow one or the solid one?
We can use conservation of energy for this one. Since they
dont mention it we can ignore rolling friction and just assume
that the total energy at the top equals the energy at the bottom.
EBottom ETop
21 I2 mgh
1 mv 2
2
21 I
vr 2 mgh
At this point we can substitute the formula for each shape (from table 9.2 on page 279)
Solid Sphere
1 mv 2 1 2 mr 2 v 2
2
2 5
r
7 mv 2 mgh
10
10
gh
7
mgh
Problem 9.48
A solid uniform sphere and a uniform spherical shell, both having the same mass and radius, roll without
slipping down a hill that rises at an angle above the horizontal. Both spheres start from rest at the
same vertical height h.
a) How fast is each sphere moving when it reaches the bottom of the hill?
b) Which sphere will reach the bottom first, the hollow one or the solid one?
We can use conservation of energy for this one. Since they
dont mention it we can ignore rolling friction and just assume
that the total energy at the top equals the energy at the bottom.
EBottom ETop
21 I2 mgh
1 mv 2
2
21 I
vr 2 mgh
At this point we can substitute the formula for each shape (from table 9.2 on page 279)
Solid Sphere
1 mv 2 1 2 mr 2 v 2
2
2 5
r
7 mv 2 mgh
10
10
gh
7
Hollow Sphere
mgh
1 mv 2
2
5
mv 2
6
1 2 mr 2 v 2
2 3
r
mgh
mgh
6
gh
5
Problem 9.48
A solid uniform sphere and a uniform spherical shell, both having the same mass and radius, roll without
slipping down a hill that rises at an angle above the horizontal. Both spheres start from rest at the
same vertical height h.
a) How fast is each sphere moving when it reaches the bottom of the hill?
b) Which sphere will reach the bottom first, the hollow one or the solid one?
We can use conservation of energy for this one. Since they
dont mention it we can ignore rolling friction and just assume
that the total energy at the top equals the energy at the bottom.
EBottom ETop
21 I2 mgh
1 mv 2
2
21 I
vr 2 mgh
At this point we can substitute the formula for each shape (from table 9.2 on page 279)
Solid Sphere
1 mv 2 1 2 mr 2 v 2
2
2 5
r
7 mv 2 mgh
10
10
gh
7
Hollow Sphere
mgh
1 mv 2
2
5
mv 2
6
1 2 mr 2 v 2
2 3
r
mgh
6
gh
5
mgh