Preliminary Discussion

What is a civil rights movement?

What makes such movements successful?
Who are the key players in such events?
How is social change defined?
How is social change effectuated?

The History of
Apartheid in South
Africa
Fielas Child by Dalene Matthee
IB Interactive Oral Presentation
By Mohammed Ramzan

The Birth of Apartheid

What was the Apartheid?

Historical Background of South Africa
Developments which led up to Apartheid
Formation of the African National Congress (ANC)
Contributing factors and events

Apartheid Becomes Law

The Reunited National Party Government

Prime Minister Daniel Francois Malan
Racial classification is institutionalized
Examples of Apartheid Legislation
Police Brutality
Immediate implications of the Apartheid

Apartheid and the Homeland

System
Prime Minister Hendrik Verwoerd and Separate
Development
The Promotion of Bantu Self-Government Act of 1959
Forced displacement of Blacks to Bantustans
Discussion: In what way would the Separate Development
Policy have benefitted the interests of the pro-Apartheid
government?

Opposition to Apartheid

Forms of resistance against Apartheid

The Sharpeville Massacre
Nelson Mandela and the ANC
Steve Biko and the Black Consciousness Movement
Parliamentary Opposition
International relations and condemnation

Apartheid Comes to an End

The Soweto Uprising and Massacre
Economic sanctions, arms embargo, and international

pressure
Prime Minister Pieter Botha and the beginning of reforms
Prime Minister F. W. de Klerk and the new constitution
The election of Nelson Mandela
The vestigial elements of Apartheid

Apartheid and Fielas Child

Fielas Child, by Dalene Mathee, was published in
1985
Three aspects of the work relate to Apartheid:
Geographical boundaries
Social Stratification
Racial Marginalization

Part 1 ~ Geographical
Boundaries
The summer was a harsh one. She looked up at the bare, rough, redbrown hills above the house and saw the mist trailing over the top and
disappear again against the blue of the sky. It was as if the heat on the
Kloof side of the mountains would not allow even a shred of mist to come
over and give a little relief from the heat. Why it had please the good Lord
to put a mountain between the Kloof and the relief, God only knew. On the
seaward side he had planted with a lavish hand, made it rain and sprout till
a forest had sprung up, stretching for miles and miles in every direction.
But by the time he made it to the Kloof side, God had had nothing left but
stones and dust and wagon trees and rhinoceros bush and aloes. (Matthee
12)

Part 2 ~ Social Stratification

You will have to learn to speak like a lady now, you know.
Youll be a village girl. You have heard yourself what Willem
and Kristoffel said about the village girls, how pretty and
fine they are.
The village people scorn us forest people.
Take no notice. Just hold up your head. The woman that
brought me up, always said, as long as your head stays up,
your spirits do too. (Matthee 218)

Part 3 ~ Racial Marginalization

I would have done exactly the same, her father insisted.
The only difference is, they would not have held a party for
me.
And how would you have done it? her mother
challenged her father, still siding with Mr Bain.
Exactly like the Mr Bain did it. He did not find that
route, the elephants found it hundreds of years ago.
(Matthee 112)

Conclusion
Please God, go with Benjamin, she prayed as she walked, stay
with him, hes softer than us because hes white, be with him when
he has to appear before the magistrate, see that he stands there
neat and clean and see that his shoes are fastened. (Matthee 62)
~~~
On the second day of April 1881 they buried Dawid. At
Wolwekraal, at the feet of Fielas mother and father and next to her
brother that had died as a child.
It was a big funeralWhite and colored people cried round
Dawids grave and in the back row the Laghaans stood sober and
wary. Dawid had no enemies. (Matthee 226)

References
Matthee, Dalene.Fiela's Child. New York: Knopf, 1986. Print.
Knight, Richard. "Apartheid South Africa (1948-1994)."The Espresso Stalinist.
The Africa Fund, 16 Jan. 2011. Web. 13 Feb. 2015.
<http://espressostalinist.com/genocide/apartheid-south-africa/>.
"Apartheid."History.com. A&E Television Networks. Web. 13 Feb. 2015.
<http://www.history.com/topics/apartheid>.
"Apartheid History."Infoplease. The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 2012.
Web. 13 Feb. 2015.
<http://www.infoplease.com/encyclopedia/history/apartheid-history.html>.
"Apartheid Timeline."PBS. PBS. Web. 13 Feb. 2015.
<http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/masterpiece/endgame/timeline.html>.