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B.Tech Technical Seminar Presentation-2014

PHASOR MESUREMENT UNIT

RELIABILITY ANALYSIS
By

MITHLESH KUMAR RANA

Under the guidance of

Mr. BALAKRUSHNA SAHU

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OVERVIEW

What is PMU ?

Hardware Configuration of PMU

PMU installation in power grid

Application of PMU

Markov model

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WHAT IS PMU ?
A Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) has been defined by the IEEE as a device that
produces Synchronized Phasor, Frequency, and Rate of Change of Frequency (ROCOF)
estimates from voltage and/or current signals and a time synchronizing signal

Noraysreflectedfromthecloak
surroundedobjectitcannotbe
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INFORMATION FROM PMU

GPS Time Synchronized measuring device:
Inputs:
3 Phase Voltage
3 Phase Current
Outputs:
Voltage Magnitude & Angle (Phasor)
Current Magnitude & Angle (Phasor)
Frequency (deviation from nominal in MHz)
Rate-of-change of frequency (ROCOF in Hz/s)

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DIFFERENT TYPES OF PMU MODELS

MiCOM P594

MACRODYNE 1690 PMU

SEL-421
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HARDWARE CONFIGURATION OF PMU

1PPS

GPS receiver
Analog signal
from CT and
PT

Anti-aliasing
filters

Phase locked
oscillator

16-bit A/D
converter

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ANTI-ALIASING FILTER

An anti-aliasing filter is a filter used before a signal sampler, to restrict the

bandwidth of a signal to approximately satisfy the Sampling theorem
It is also called an Analog low pass filter

Fs>2Fm over sampling (anti-aliasing)

Fs<2Fm under sampling(aliasing)

Fs=2Fm critical sampling

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GPS

GPS satellites are powered by solar energy

The first GPS satellite was launched in 1978.
A full constellation of 24 satellites was achieved in 1994.

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GPS RECEIVER
The GPS receiver can determine the user's position and display it on the unit's
electronic map.
GPS receiver receives 1pps from GPS

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PMU INSTALLATION IN POWER GRID

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APPLICATIONS OF PMU
Angle and Frequency Monitoring
Transmission Fault Location and Estimation
Control of WAMS
Traveling wave fault detection

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WIDE AREA MONITORING (WAMS)

Wide Area Monitoring System use

a GPS satellite signal to timesynchronize from Phasor measurement

units (PMUs) at important nodes in the
power system, send real-time Phasor
(angle and magnitude) data to a Control
Centre.

The acquired Phasor data provides

dynamic information on power systems,
which helps operators to initiate
corrective actions to enhance the power
system reliability

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RELIABILITY
Reliability is the probability of a device performing its purpose adequately

for the period of time intended under the operating conditions encountered.

The ability of a system or component to perform its required functions

under stated condition for a specified period of time

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MARKOV MODEL
A Markov chain is a mathematical model for stochastic systems whose states,
discrete or continuous, are governed by a transitional probability. In order for
the basic Markov approach to be applicable, the behavior of the system must
be characterized by a lack of memory, that is the future states of a system are
independent of all past states except the immediately the preceding one.
Markov Property: The state of the system at time t+1 depends only on the
state of the system at time t

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B.Tech Technical Seminar Presentation-2014

REFERENCES
[1]. R. F. Nuqui and A. G. Phadke, Phasor measurement unit placement techniques
for complete and incomplete observability, IEEE Trans .Power Del., vol. 20, no. 4,
pp. 23812388, Oct. 2005

[2]. R. Billiton, M. Fotuhi-Firuzabad, and L. Bertling, Bibliography on the

application of probability methods in power system reliability evaluation:
19961999, IEEE Trans. Power Syst.,vol.16,no.4, pp.595602, Nov. 2001.

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B.Tech Technical Seminar Presentation-2014

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