Educational Psychology

Developing Learners
Eighth Edition

Jeanne Ormrod

2014, 2011, 2008, 2006, 2003

Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Chapter 1
Teaching and Educational
Psychology

Ormrod
Educational Psychology: Developing Learners, 8e
2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

1-2

Teaching as Evidence-Based
Practice

Ormrod
Educational Psychology: Developing Learners, 8e
2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

1-3

Evidence-Based Practice

Instructional methods based on

research
Applying educational psychology

nature of learning
motivation
assessment
general developmental trends
individual diversity

Ormrod
Educational Psychology: Developing Learners, 8e
2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

1-4

Understanding Research

Ormrod
Educational Psychology: Developing Learners, 8e
2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

1-5

Types of Data

Quantitative

numerical data

test scores
attendance records
rating scales

Qualitative

non-numerical data

interview responses
observations
case studies

Ormrod
Educational Psychology: Developing Learners, 8e
2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

1-6

Quantitative Studies

Descriptive

Correlational

associations among variables

what things occur together
used for prediction

Experimental

information about a population or situation

how things are

why things are causal links

manipulation of environment to test outcomes

Quasi-experimental

not all influential factors can be controlled

alternative explanations must be considered

Ormrod
Educational Psychology: Developing Learners, 8e
2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

1-7

Research Questions

Descriptive

Correlational

How many students are involved in

extracurricular activities?
Do students involved in extracurricular
activities have higher grades than those
students not involved in extracurricular
activities?

Experimental

Will joining two extracurricular activities

affect students grades?

Ormrod
Educational Psychology: Developing Learners, 8e
2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

1-8

Qualitative Studies

In-depth look at certain

characteristics or behaviors
Essentially descriptive

how things are

What kinds of study strategies are

used by high-achieving students
and by lower-achieving students?

Ormrod
Educational Psychology: Developing Learners, 8e
2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

1-9

Mixed-Methods Studies

Use both quantitative and qualitative

methods.
Seeks to understand both how things
are and why they may be that way.
Do students show a decline in
academic achievement in ninth
grade, their first year of high school?
If so, why might this be so?

Ormrod
Educational Psychology: Developing Learners, 8e
2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

1-10

Interpreting Research Results

Consider alternative explanations.

Draw causal inferences only from
experimental data.

Ormrod
Educational Psychology: Developing Learners, 8e
2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

1-11

Theories

Integrated set of concepts and

principles

synthesize research findings

propose underlying mechanism to
explain and predict phenomena
continually expanded and modified
underlie good classroom practices

Ormrod
Educational Psychology: Developing Learners, 8e
2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

1-12

Collecting Data and Drawing

Conclusions

Ormrod
Educational Psychology: Developing Learners, 8e
2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

1-13

Assessment Practices

Collecting data about student

learning
Formal or informal measures

Ormrod
Educational Psychology: Developing Learners, 8e
2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

1-14

Action Research

Systematic study in ones own

school
Goal = taking action

more effective strategies in working

with students

Ormrod
Educational Psychology: Developing Learners, 8e
2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

1-15

Developing as a Teacher

Ormrod
Educational Psychology: Developing Learners, 8e
2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

1-16

Strategies

Keep up to date on research findings and new

innovations in education.
Learn as much as you can about your subject.
Learn as much as you can about specific
strategies for teaching your particular subject
matter.
Learn as much as you can about the culture(s)
of the community in which you are teaching.
Continually reflect and critically examine your
assumptions, inferences, and practices.
Communicate and collaborate with colleagues.
Believe that you can make a difference in
students lives (self-efficacy).

Ormrod
Educational Psychology: Developing Learners, 8e
2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

1-17

Strategies for Studying

and Learning Effectively

Ormrod
Educational Psychology: Developing Learners, 8e
2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

1-18

Learning Strategies

Relate what you read to your existing

knowledge and prior experiences.
Actively consider how some new information
might contradict your existing beliefs.
Tie abstract concepts and principles to
concrete examples.
Elaborate on what you read, going beyond it
and adding to it.
Periodically check yourself to make sure you
remember and understand what you have
read.

Ormrod
Educational Psychology: Developing Learners, 8e
2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

1-19

The Big Picture

Ormrod
Educational Psychology: Developing Learners, 8e
2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

1-20

The Big Picture

Teacher decision making must be

based, at least in part, on
research findings.
Different kinds of research
studies lead to different kinds of
conclusions.
In one way or another, teachers
are researchers themselves.
Teachers are also learners.

Ormrod
Educational Psychology: Developing Learners, 8e
2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

1-21