CHAPTER 2.

0:HAND TOOLS

PN NORAZLINA BINTI AHMAD SARAI

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

Tools used in mechanical fitting workshop

1.Marking Tools
-These are sub classified as steel rule, straight
edge, flat steel square, sriber,divider, prick
punch, centre punch ,try square,vernier
protractor , and surface gauge.
2. Measuring devices
-Commonly used measuring devices and
instruments used in fitting shop are surface
plate, try square, plate gauge,surface plate.

Measuring Tools
a)Steel Rule

Steel

rule is a linear measuring instrument having

1.0 to 0.5mm accuracy.
It is also used for drawing straight lines.
b)Scriber

It is
The

used to mark or scribe lines on the workpiece.

two end are very sharp and have a knurled
handle in the middle.

c)Try Square

Try

square is used for checking or marking right

angles 90 degree accurately.
It consists of a steel blade , riveted into a hard
wood stock which has a protective brass plate on
the working edge.
d) Compass or leg-end pointer

It

is used for marking lines and circles on the

workpiece.It has a pair of steel legs which are
hinged at the top.One of the ends is bent and the
other is pointed

e) Spring divider
It

is used to mark the dimensions from scale to

the workpiece.
It is similar to the compass and is used for more
accurate marking. The spring divider has a screw
with a knurled nut.

f)

Calipers: These are used for measuring inside

and outside diameters and linear dimensions.
There are two types:
Firm joint calipers
Spring calipers

g)

Firm Joint Calipers:

These are of two types:

(i)Inside caliper
(ii)Outside caliper.

The

size taken on the calipers is measured on the

steel rule.

It consists of two legs connected together at one

end by means of a friction joint.

i)Inside Caliper
It is used to measure dimensions such as
diameter of a hole width of a slot.

ii.Outside Caliper:
It is used to measure outside dimensions
such as diameter of a rod thickness of a
plate .

h)Spring Calipers:

These

are operated by means of a screw and a

knurled nut.

It

also consists of two legs which are hinged together

at one end.

The

advantage of the knurled nut is that it can be

easily operated by hand. It is very convenient and
takes less time in setting

i)Centre Punch:
It is used to mark a centre for a hole to be
drilled. It can also be used for marking points
along a line for cutting. Its tapered point end
has an angle of 60 degrees.

j) Dot punch: It has a sharp point end which is

used to make punch marks along a line on the
workpiece. Its tapered point end has an angle
of 40 degrees

k) Surface Plate:

It

is used to check the surface flatness or

straightness of the workpiece.
It is made of grey cast iron. The top surface is
machined smoothly and finished accurately.
It is also used as a reference surface for marking
with the scriber block. The figure demonstrates the
use of surface plate for marking on a workpiece.

l) Vee block
V-block is used for setting and holding the
round and cylindrical objects very often
and to determine the centre or circular
objects.
It is made up of cast steel.

m)Combination set