STRENGTH OF MATERIAL

JJ 310
CHAPTER 3 (a)

Shear Force & Bending Moment

1

LEARNING OUTCOMES

At the end of this lecture, student should be able to;

Understand the types of beams

Understand the types of beam load

Understand the shear force and bending moment

Calculate the magnitude of the shear force and bending

moment

Draw the shear force diagram (SFD)

DEFINITION OF BEAM

Members that are slender and support loads applied

perpendicular to their longitudinal axis.

A beam has a characteristic feature that internal

forces called shear forces, V and the internal
moments called bending moments, M.

V and M are developed in beam to resists the external

loads.

For the beams, the distance (L) between the supports

is called a span.

EXAMPLE OF BEAMS

FH
Pin

Rolle
FV r

FV
Fixed

FH

TYPES OF BEAM
M

Fv

TYPES OF BEAM LOAD

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TYPES OF BEAM LOAD (CONT.)

i)

Concentrated Load (CL), F

A load is applied at a single point, or over a very small

area of a beam.
(unit: N)

ii)

Uniformly Distributed Load (UDL),

A load distributed uniformly over a portion or over the

entire length of a beam.
(unit: N/m)

iii)

Applied Couple
Combination of various types of loadings.

SHEAR FORCE & BENDING MOMENT

Shear Force, V : is the sum of the

vertical forces acting to the left or
right of a cut section of the beam.

Bending Moment, M : is the sum of

the moment of the forces to the left or
to the right of the cut section of the
beam.

For CT,

Moment = Force x Distance

@
M = FD
(unit: Nm)

M = F(D/2)

BUT... for UDL

(unit: Nm)

LAW OF EQUILIBRIUM

Stated that .
i) To find the sum of forces, F
The sum of upward forces = The sum of downward
forces
F =
F
(unit
N)

ii) To find the sum of moments, M

The sum of clockwise
moments
=MThe sum
M =

(unitof counter clockwise

9
moments
Nm)

SFD & BMD TABLE

Load

Linear

Constant

Linear

Parabolic

Linear

Parabolic

Cubic

Shear

Moment
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SFD & BMD TABLE

Load

Constant

Constant

Linear

Linear

Linear

Parabolic

Shear

Moment

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STEPS TO FIND SHEAR

FORCES
Step 1 Draw FBD

(Free Body Diagram)

Step 2 Calculate F
Step 3 Calculate M
Step 4 Draw SFD

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EXAMPLE 1: (SIMPLY SUPPORTED BEAM)

CALCULATE THE REACTION FORCE AT EACH
SUPPORT

10

5 KN
KN
A

D
C

1
m

4
m

1
m
13

STEP 1: DRAW FBD

5 KN

10 KN
C

RA
1
m

R
4m

1
m

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STEP 2: CALCULATE F
5 KN

10 KN

RA

We know;

1
m

C
F = F
RA + R4D m
= 5 + 10
RA + RD = 15

R
1
m

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STEP 3: CALCULATE M
Take point
A as
reference
point

5 KN

10 KN

RA
1
m

4m

1
m

We know;
M =
M
5(1) + 10(5) = RD (6)
55 = 6RD
RD = 9.2 KN #
Thus;
RA + RD = 15
RA = 15 9.2
= 5.8 KN #

M=
FD

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STEP 4: DRAW SFD

5
KN

10 KN

FBD
1m

1m

4m

5.8
KN
0+5.8=0.
5.8
8
KN

SFD

V Value:
VA = 0 KN, 5.8 KN
VB = 5.8 KN, 0.8
KN

9.2KN

VC = 0.8 KN, -9.2

KN

5.8
-5=0.8
0.8 KN

0
0.8-10=
-9.2
-9.2 KN

VD = -9.2 KN, 0
KN
-9.2 +
9.2= 0

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EXAMPLE 2: (UNIFORMLY
DISTRIBUTED LOAD)
CALCULATE THE REACTION FORCE
AT EACH SUPPORT
15
K/Nm
B

A
4m

18
18

W = 15
STEP
1: DRAW
K/Nm

FBD
B

A
4m
RA

RB

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STEP 2: CALCULATE F
Remember!!
For UDL, must change W into F
first.
F = WD

15 KN/m @ 60

F = WD
F = 15 x 4
F = 60 KN

KN
B

A
RA

4m
F = F
RA + RB = 60 KN

RB
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STEP 3: CALCULATE M

Take point
A as
reference
point

15 KN/m @ 60
KN
B

A
4m

RA

M =
M
60(4/2) = RB (4)
120 = 4RB
RB = 30 KN #
Thus;
RA + RB = 60
RA = 60 - 30
RA = 30 KN #

RB
Remembe
r
For UDL,
M=Fx
(D/2)

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STEP 4: DRAW SFD

15 KN/m @ 60 KN

FBD

A
30 KN

4m

0+30 =
30
30 KN

SFD

V Value:
30 KN VA = 0 KN, 30
KN
VB = -30KN,
0KN

0
-30 + 30
=0
30 - 60 =
-30

- 30
KN

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