Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Prepared By :
Southeast University
Department Of Textile Engineering
I/A 251,252 Tejgaon Dhaka Bangladesh
Zeneca
Miles
BASF
DyStar
Bayer
DyStar
Sumitomo
Hoechst
Sodyeco
Sandoz
Sandoz
Ciba + Geigy
Clariant
Ciba-Geigy
Ciba
Yorkshire
Dyes
Dyeing Condition (pH)
Acid (Wool)
2-4, 4-6, 6-8 (depends
on types of dyes)
Acid (Nylon)
4.5-5.5, 6-7 (depends
on types of dyes)
Basic
3.5-4
Direct
7.0
Disperse (Polyester)
5-6
Disperse (Acetate)
6.5-7.0
Disperse (Triacetate)
4.5-6.5
Reactive
7.0 (Exhaustion)
11.0 (Fixing)
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Textile Auxilaries
1. Salt - reduce negative charges on the fibers
2. Water - dyeing media
3. Soda Ash - excite the dye to link with the fibers with covalent bonding.
Therefore, it enhances wet fastness
4. Fixing Agent - enhance wet fastness for heavy shade but usually
reduce light fastness.
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Textile Auxiliaries
1. Leveling agent - for levelness dyeing
2. Retarding agent - for inhibiting the dye not attach to fibers too fast
3. Acid - adjust the dyeing condition and make the fibers to show negative
charges
4. Water - dyeing media
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Reactive Dyes
General Properties of Reactive dyes
water-soluble compounds
give excellent wet-fastness
easy to hydrolized
Enough simple dyeing proses
Choice of more complete available colour
Good colour resilience
Side Reaction
Hydrolysis of dichlorotriazine
1.Results in wasted dye
2.Economic and environmental
concern
Typically fixation of around 60% is
obtained
Dyeing Conditions
Time allowed for diffusion of dye into substrate
Concentration of dye in fiber is up to 500 times greater than in
solution
Leaving Groups
Variation of substituents = variations in fixation
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REACTIVE DYES
This is an entirely class of dye
introduced to the market in 1956.
They react chemically with the fibre
being dyed & if correctly applied,
cannot be removed by washing or
boiling.
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REACTIVE DYES
The main feature of the
dyestuff is its low
affinity to cellulose;
therefore large
amounts of salt are
required to force its
deposition on he fabric.
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REACTIVE DYES
After this has been
achieved, addition of
alkali causes the
deposited dyes to react
with the fibre.
Only a successfully
concluded reaction
guarantees a fast dyeing.
Basically there are two
types of reactive dyes:
the cold dyeing & hot
dyeing types.
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Yellow 2GL
Cold water fibre reactive
dyes, suitable for dyeing on
cotton, silk, jute, rayon &
hessian.
Cannot be used on
synthetics or fabric that
has been coated with resin
or drip-dry finish.
REACTIVE DYES
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Polyester
Disperse Dyes
Acrylic
Disperse dyes
Modacrylic
Modal
Nylon
Orlon
Disperse Dye
Rayon
Saron
RIT Dyes
Spandex
Disperse Dyes
Vinalon
Vinyon
Disperse Dyes
DISPERSE DYES FOR DYEING IS DIVIDED BY 3 FACTION :
1. Disperse dyes of the size molecule small
Example : Dispersol B ( ICI )
2. Disperse dyes of the size molecule medium
Example : Dispersol C ( ICI )
3. Disperse dyes of the size molecule big
Example : Dispersol D ( ICI )
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Classification of dyes
Main
Dye
General description
applicatio
Class
n
Disperse Require skill in application Mostly used
(either by carrier or under for
high temperature);
polyester
moderate price; complete & acetate;
colour range; limited
can also be
solubility in water
applied on
(normally dispersed in
nylon &
water for application); good Acrylic.
fastness
after reduction clearing
Introduction to Coloration &
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Finishing
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DISPERSE DYES
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2. Carrier dyeing
carried out under atmosphere pressure by an addition of carrier
Fixation 90-120 min at 100C.
3. Thermosol dyeing
continuous dyeing method
fixation dry heating for 60-120 sec. at 180- 210C (depending on
the form of the material and type of disperse dyes)