BONE DEVELOPMENT AND

ITS MICROSCOPIC
STRUCTURE
dr. Ni Made Linawati, M.Si /dr. I G K Nym
Arijana
Histology department
Medical Faculty of Udayana University

Outline : Bone and Cartilage

CARTILAGE

hyaline

Type

elastic
fibrocartilage

BONE

long
short
flat

Shape

irregular
sesamoid

Element

cells
matrix

Growth

interstitial
appositio
nal

Element

cells
matrix

Growth

appositional

intramembraneous
endochondral

Ossification

Cartilage: the commons

Cellular
Element

Matrix/Ground
Substance

Perichondri
um

Secreted by condroblast
:
Outer
fibrous layer
Amorphous
- fibroblast
elasti
collagen
- proteoglycan
c
condrocyt
- blood vessel
- glycoprotein
esIsogenous
Inner fibrous layer
(in cell group
hyali
- glycosaminoglycan- chondrogenic cells
lacuna)
- condro/osteoclast
Fibres
ne
blood
vessel
(macrophages)
for
only in
Matrix :
avascular
cartilage
- territorial
Exception
endochondral
fibrocartila
- interteritorial
-matrix
fibrocartilage
bone
- articular cartilage
ge
formation
diffusion of nutrient by
synovial
fluid

- condroblast

Cartilage: the differences

Cellular
Element

Matrix/Ground
Substance

Location
Elastic cartilage

Auricle of the ear

Condrocytes >>>
epiglottis
Elastic fiber (elastin) >>
eustachian tube
Collagen type II

Condrocytes >>>

Condrocytes

Collagen type II

Collagen type I
rich in dermatan
and condroitin
sulfate

Articular
trachea
bronchus
epiphyseal plate

Hyaline cartilage

Intervertebral disks Fibrocartilage

pubic symphysis
articular disk

The growth of
cartilage

Origin
Occur

Interstitial
growth
Resulting from the
mitotic division of
preexisting
chondrocytes
Early phase of cart
form, art. Cart,
epiphyseal plate

Type of cart

all

Appositional
growth

Resulting from the

differentiation of
perichondrial cells
Need perichondrium

Hyline and elastic

BONE

Bone: the commons

Cellular
Element

osteoblast
osteocytes

Matrix
Secreted by osteoblast
Organic matrix :
proteoglycan
glycoprotein

in lacuna
canaliculi
haversian systems
Osteoclast
howships lacuna

glycosaminoglycan
type I collagen

Inorganic matrix:
ca hydroksiapatite crystal

Decalsification by acid
secret acid enzymes
Ruffled border

Structure and type of bone :

Type : long, short, flat,
irregular, sesamoid
Structure :
- Canalicular-lacunar
nutrient supply systems
- Spongy B
- Compact B
- Bone marrow cavity
- Periosteum and
endosteum
Microscopis : primary
and secondary bone

Bone: compact vs spongy

Compact
Bone
Cavities (-)
(dense area)

Spongy
Bone
Cavities (+)

Haversian Canals (+)Haversian Canals (-)

Volkmanns Canals (-)

Volkmanns Canals (+)
Trabecula (+)
= Blood vessels & nerves pathway Trabecula (-)
Lacuna (+)
Lacuna (+)
Canaliculi (+)
Canaliculi (+)

Bone: immature vs mature

Immature
Mature Bone
Bone bone Secondary/lamellar
Primary/woven
Anorganic element << bone
Anorganic element >>
Fetal development and bone repairLamellae >>
Osteocytes >>
bundles of collagen: irregular Collagen fiber regular arranged
(parallel each other)
mature bone
Canaliculi

Bone development
Cellular differentiation
Bone matrix formation
Morphologic differentiation

Futher diferentiation of
woven to lamellar bone

: mesenchymal cell
osteoprogenitor cell
osteoblast
: osteoid
matrixcalsification
: formation of bone
spiculae , trabeculae,
spongy bone, and formation
of compact bone by
appositional lamellae
deposition

Bone formation
Intramembraneous
-Mesenchymal cell
osteoprogenitor
cellosteoblast
- Flat bone : calvaria of the
skull, mandible, periosteum of
shaft of long bone
- Need periosteum

Endochondral
- Cartilage model formation
- Bone collar development
-Destruction of cartilage model
followed by osteogenic bud
associated
with hemopoietic tissue in the
space of
destruction
-cartilage
Primary and
secondary
Center of
ossification
- Most of the long bone

Bone growth
In length
- Occur in epiphyseal plate

In width
- Appositional growth

- Begin from Periosteum

- 5 zone : reserve cartilage,
proliferation, maturation and
hypertrophy, calsification,
ossification

- Continously througout
the total period of bone
growth and development

Summary
Cartilage VS Bone similarities
Development begin at embryo in 5 week of age
1.Hard tissue
2.Lacuna matrix systems
3.Same family of cellular components
Chondroblast chondrocytes
Osteoblast-osteocytes
4. Surrounded by connectiveTissue membrane
Perichondrium and periosteum

Summary
Difference

Cartilage

Bone

1. Inorganic
substance
2. Flexibility
3. Blood vessel
4. Nutrient supply
5. Mechanism of
growth
6. Remodelling
7. Destruction cell

No
Yes
Avascular
Diffusion
Interstitial &
appositional
No
No

High
No
Vascular
Canaliculi
Only appositional
Constantly
Osteoclast

Thank You

vignette
A boy 2 years old came to outpatient clinic
with complain pale, abcess and bleeding. He
got blind since his birth. Examination found
pansitopenia, sclerotic and increase of bone
mass. Doctor diagnosed with osteopetrosis.
a.Describe the pathophysiology of
osteopetrosis ?
b.Describe histological appearance in
osteopetrosis.