ICT for Education

An Overview

Prepared by
Wadi D. Haddad

Overview

ICTs in Education Dilemmas and Realities

Role and Nature of ICTs in Education
Potential of ICTs
From Potential to Effectiveness

Dilemmas
Qs
ab

o ut

Val
ue

Realities

Analyze Educational
objectives

of I
C

Determine Objective for ICT

Ts
Decision
Maker

Myths

r
su
s
Pre

es

Vendors
Monolithic
Understand
Potential of ICTs
Belief
Examine
Parents
Automatic
suitability of ICTs
Doubt
Plan program of investment
Business
Computers
Wait prerequisites
Implement
Substitute
Techies
and
corequisites
Evaluate and adjust
continuously

Necessity of ICTs

Globalization of
Economy
Information
Tech Innovations
Knowledge-based
Economy
Society
Escalating Demand
for Education

Effective Learning

For All

Anytime

Anywhere

ICTs for What Purpose

ICTs for Learning Objectives
Learning Objective

Technology
Text

Audio

Video

Computer

Internet

Storage or display

Exploration

Application

Analysis
Evaluation

Constructing or design of
project

ICTs for What Purpose

ICTs for Teaching Objectives
Teaching Objective

Technology
Text

Audio

Video

Computer

Internet

Presentation

Demonstration

Drill and practice

(e.g.,
Language
lab)

networked

Animation and simulation

Research

Collaboration/ communication
Management of student learning

ICTs for What Purpose

ICTs and the School
Technologies on Location

Technologies at a Distance

Printed matter

Correspondence

Slides, transparencies
Scanners
Digital notepads and white boards
Audiotapes

Radio

Films and videos

TV broadcasts

Digital books

Web pages

CDs

Web: Internet, intranet

Computer projection

Webcast

Access
Community
Linkages

Planning &
Management

Efficiency

Potential
Of

ICTs

Lifelong
Learning

Learning

Teaching
Skill Formation

Potential:
1. Expanding Educational Opportunities

Radio Broadcast
Interactive Radio Instruction
Television
Virtual Schools
Virtual Universities

Potential:
2. Increasing Efficiency
Issues
Dual Shift Systems
Multigrade Schools
Small Urban or Rural
Schools
Flexibility in
Learning Schedule

Solutions

Broadcast Radio
Interactive Radio
Educational TV
Virtual Online
Courses

Potential:
3. Enhancing Quality of Learning
Potential

Motivate and engage learners

Bring life to concepts and processes
Foster inquiry
Provide flexibility
Allow application of information
Provide access to world of
information
Bring the world into the classroom
Offer collaborative opportunities and
communication
Offer tutored and individualized
learning

Solutions
Radio and TV
Multimedia Learning
Modules
Virtual Labs
Connecting to the Worlds
Designing and Creating
Things

Potential:
4. Enhancing Quality of Teaching
Issues
Difficult Profession
No One-Shot Training
Continuum
Initial Training
Lifelong Upgrading
Connecting

Solutions
Multimedia Training
and Support System
Training Videos
Teacher Development
Portal
Internet Resources
for Teachers

Potential:
5. Facilitating Skill Formation
New Workplace Realities
E-Training
Just-in-Time
Convenient Place
Up-to-Pate
User-centric

Solutions
Simulations
Competency-based
multi-media
Video and Interactive
media
Workplace Training

Potential:
6. Sustaining Lifelong Learning
Issues

Solutions

Workers need to learn

new skills
Modern societies demand
constant updating
The educated can
become obsolete
Life-cycle pattern is
changing

Radio and TV
Multimedia Packages
Online Courses
Open Universities
Third Age Universities

Potential:
7. Improving Policy Planning & Management
Management of Institutions and Systems
School: Admissions, student flow, personnel, staff
development, facilities
System: School mapping, personnel payroll, MIS,
communication, information, . . .

Management of Policy Making

Storage and analysis of data
Construction and assessment of policy scenarios
Tracer studies and tracking systems

Potential:
8. Advancing Community Linkages
Growth in ICT Access
Millions

Potential:
8. Advancing Community Linkages
Telephones, Cellular phones and PCs per 1,000 inhabitants
140

120

100

Telephone subscribers/100 Inhabitants

Cellular subscribers/100 Inhabitants

80

PCs/100 inhabitants

60

40

20

0
Africa

America w/o US
& Canada

US and Canada

Asia

Europe

Oceania

WORLD

Potential:
8. Advancing Community Linkages
Internet hosts and users per 10,000 inhabitants
6000

5000

Internet Hosts/10,000
inhabitants
Internet Users/10,000 inhabitants

4000

3000

2000

1000

0
Africa

America w/o US
& Canada

US and Canada

Asia

Europe

Oceania

WORLD

Potential:
8. Advancing Community Linkages

ICT access varies within countries

Disparities is magnified by gender factor
ICT access contributes to escape from poverty
ICT access for all requires attention to
Infrastructure
Cost
Laws and regulations

Radio Stations and Receivers

Suitcase Radio Station
Crank/Solar
Radio
Crank Radio

Digital
Satellite
Radio

Telecenters

Women-Friendly Telecenters

Within accepted culture; fosters harmony

Women do not have to travel far
Center meets needs of men and women
No childcare problem
Space is roomy and provides privacy
Staff is well integrated

Potential
Prerequisites
Corequisites

Effectiveness

From Potential to Effectiveness

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

Educational Policy
Approach to ICTs
Infrastructure
ICT-Enhanced Content
Committed and Trained Personnel
Financial Resources
Integration
Piloting and Evaluation

Conclusion

X To Tech or not to Tech Education

ICT Education More Effective and

Responsive

ICTs

We do not think anymore of the

spectacle of printing every time we
read a book, the phenomenon of TV
every time we watch a movie, or the
miracle of the telephone every time we
make a call.
The ultimate success of ICTs for
learning will be attained when we stop
marveling about the ICTs and apply our
minds and emotions to the wonders of
learning.

The End

Levels of ICTs for Different Learning

Objectives and Roles of Learners
LEARNING OBJECTIVE
Constructing or
design of
Project
Evaluation
Levels of ICTs

Analysis
Application
Exploration
Storage or
display

Passive

ACTIVE

LEARNERS ROLE

Levels of ICTs for Different Teaching Uses and

Roles of Teachers
TEACHING OBJECTIVE
Management of
Student Learning
Collaboration/Co
mmunication
Research

Levels of ICTs

Animation/
Simulation
Drill & Practice
Demonstration
Presentation

Provider

Facilitator

TEACHERS ROLE

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Infrastructure
Wind Power Generator
Solar Energy

Pedal Power Generator

Namibia Schoolnet

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5. Costing and Budgeting

Total Cost of Ownership

Acquisition - hardware and software

Installation and configuration
Connectivity
Maintenance :
15-20% of initial investment
Supplies:
8-10%
Utilities:
4-8%
Computer training 5-10%
Retrofitting of physical facilities
replacement costs (5-7 years)

Additional Costs

31-48%

Acquisition and creation of content materials

Orientation and training of staff
Testing, evaluation and adjustment

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