BIW 10103 Introduction to Web Technology

Firkhan Ali Bin Hamid Ali

FSKTM, UTHM
Chapter2: LOCAL ARE NETWORK LAN (4 HRS)

Contents
Ethernet technology
Media and internetworking devices
Wireless network

INTRODUCTION

LAN is a computer network that is designed

for a limited geographic area such as building
or campus.
LAN can be used as isolated network or
connected to WAN or Internet.
There is several technologies in LAN
Ethernet, Token Ring, Token Bus, FDDI and
ATM LAN.

WIRED LAN - Ethernet

Widely used LAN protocol.

IEEE 802.3 Standards defines 1-persistent
CSMA/CD as the access method for 10-Mbps
Ethernet.
The MAC sublayer is responsible for the
operation of the CSMA/CD access method and
framing.
Each station unique 48-bit address (NIC)
Frame length 64 to 1518 bytes.

Example of an Ethernet address in hexadecimal notation

Ethernet 2

Common implementation of 10-Mbps

Ethernet are 10Base5 (Thick Ethernet),
10Base2 (Thin Ethernet),10Base-T and
10Base-F.
Bridge can increase the bandwidth and
separate the collision domains on
Ethernet LAN.
A switch allow each station on an
Ethernet LAN to have entire capacity of
the network to itself.

Collision domains in an unbridged network and a bridged network

Switched Ethernet

Full-duplex switched Ethernet

Ethernet 3

Full-duplex mode doubles the capacity of each

domain and removes the need for CSMA/CD
method.
Fast Ethernet has data rate of 100Mbps.
In Fast Ethernet, autonegotiation allow 2
devices to negotiate the mode or data rate of
operation.
100Base-TX, 100Base-FX, 100Base-T4

Ethernet 4

Gigabit Ethernet Data rate of 1000Mbps

Gigabit Ethernet access method half and
full duplex.
1000Base-SX,100Base-LX, 1000BaseT.
Latest Standard is 10 Gbps.
10GBase-S,10GBase-L, 10Base-E.
Use fiber optic cables in full duplex mode.

Summary of Standard Ethernet implementations

Summary of Fast Ethernet implementations

Summary of Gigabit Ethernet implementations

Summary of Ten-Gigabit Ethernet implementations

Classes of transmission media

GUIDEDMEDIA
Guided media, which are those that provide a conduit
from one device to another, include twisted-pair cable,
coaxial cable, and fiber-optic cable.
Topics discussed in this section:
Twisted-Pair Cable
Coaxial Cable
Fiber-Optic Cable

Twisted-pair cable

UTP and STP cables

Categories of unshielded twisted-pair cables

UTP connector

Coaxial cable

Categories of coaxial cables

BNC connectors

Optical fiber

Propagation modes

Modes

Fiber types

Fiber construction

Fiber-optic cable connectors

UNGUIDEDMEDIA:WIRELESS
Unguided media transport electromagnetic waves
without using a physical conductor. This type of
communication is often referred to as wireless
communication.

Figure 7.18 Propagation methods

Bands

Wireless transmission waves

Note

Radio waves are used for

multicast communications, such
as radio and television, and
paging systems.

Note

Microwaves are used for unicast

communication such as cellular
telephones, satellite networks,
and wireless LANs.

Ethernet Product

Tranceiver (Penghantar-Terima)
NIC
Hub/Repeater
Switch
Router

Tranceiver (Sender-Receiver)
Transceiver
is
a
short
form
for
Transmitter receiver.
It use to connect all nodes in local area
network - LAN.
Its transfer an electrical signal to
another connector interface without
change it.

NIC

Network Interface Card (NIC) is use for

computer to make connection with
networking.

1.

Slot
Slot
Slot
Slot

2.
3.
4.

ISA, 8 dan 16 bit

PCI, 32 dan 64 bit
PCMCIA, 8, 16 dan 32 bit
USB, USB 1.1 dan USB 2.0

Hub/Repeaters
Hub/repeater is use to connect 2 or more
network segment.
Repeater can extend the maximum longer
of the cable.
One broadcast domain and one collision
domain.

Bridges/Switch
Bridges

and switches are data communications devices that

operate principally at Layer 2 of the OSI reference model.
Bridging and switching occur at the link layer, which
controls data flow, handles transmission errors, provides
physical (as opposed to logical) addressing, and manages
access to the physical medium.
Bridges are generally used to segment a LAN into a couple
of smaller segments. Switches are generally used to segment
a large LAN into many smaller segments. Bridges generally
have only a few ports for LAN connectivity, whereas
switches generally have many.

Router

A router is a computer networking device

that forwards data packets across a network
toward their destinations, through a process
known as routing. Routing occurs at Layer 3
(the network layer i.e. Internet Protocol (IP)) of
the OSI seven-layer protocol stack.

Wireless LAN
The IEEE 802.11 standard for wireless LAN
defines 2 services : BSS & ESS.
The access method used in the distributed
coordination function (DCF) MAC sub layer
is CSMA/CA.
The access method used in the point
coordination function (PCF) MAC sub layer
is polling.
The Network Allocation Vector is a timer
used for collision avoidance.

Note

A BSS without an AP is called an

ad hoc network;
a BSS with an AP is called an
infrastructure network.

Basic service sets (BSSs)

Extended service sets (ESSs)

Wireless LAN (2)

The MAC sub layer has 9 fields. The
addressing mechanism can include up to 4.
Use management frames control frames
and data frames.
IEEE 802.11 defines several physical
layers, with different data rates and
modulating techniques.
Bluetooth is a wireless LAN technology that
connect devices in a small area.

Wireless LAN (3)

Bluetooth network is called a piconet. Multiple

piconets form a network called a scatternet.
Bluetooth network consists of 1 primary
devices and up to 7 secondary devices.

Conclusion

In wired LAN technologies,

there are
Ethernet, Token Ring, FDDI and ATM LAN.
Ethernet is IEEE 802.3 technology that are
consist of Fast Ethernet and Gigabit Ethernet.
Using twisted pair, coaxial and fiber optic
cable.
In wired LAN technologies, there are wireless
Ethernet and Bluetooth.

Conclusion (2)

Wireless Ethernet is IEEE 802.11 technology.

Bluetooth is a technology for small wireless
LAN.