LIC.

MDICO CIRUJANO
BASIC ENGLISH
TOPICS: CELLULAR AND CHEMICAL STRUCTURES
HOW MEMBRANE CELLS WORK AND FUNCTIONS
MAESTRA: URY HERNANDEZ CASTILLO.
TEAM: 6
ROSITA ESCALANTE OROPEZA.
BERENICE LPEZ ZAMORA.
ABDIEL HIPOLITO HERNANDEZ.
JONATHAN
SEMESTER: 2

GROUP: B

VOCABULARY
degenerative diseasesenfermedades degenerativas

Themselves - ellos mismos

plasma membrane membrana plasmtica

Cytoplasm-citoplasma
Cells- clulas
reticulum- reticule
Mesosomes- mesosomas
Surrounded- rodeado
Chlorophyl- clorofila

Pinocytosis - Pinocytosis
Phagocitosis - Fagocitosis
Endocytosis Endocitosis
Hollow: Hueco
Chlorophyll: clorofila

WHAT IS THE CELL?

It is the simplest living structure that is

known, they are able to feed themselves,
interact and reproduce. It consists of two parts
which are plasma membrane and cytoplasm.

All organisms are made of cells and this is so

important to know as they are the cells and
how they work and when the cells stop
working cause degenerative diseases

It consists of two parts which are plasma membrane

and cytoplasm.

Plasma membrane. It is the layer that

defines the cell. Regulates the entry
and exit of substances.

Cytoplasm. It is the content of the cell.

In a liquid called plasma or cytosol and a
series of structures called organelles can
be distinguished. The main ones are the
Ribosomes, vacuoles, mitochondria, the
endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi
apparatus, and chloroplasts.

 Inside the cell there are one or more molecules of a substance

called DNA

containing the information genetics are scattered in the nucleus.

You can classify living organisms according to the number of cells

possessing: If you only have one, called les unicellular protozoa
and bacteria. If you have more, they are called multicellular.

 Prokaryotic cells.
They are cells that do not have core
are those who have their DNA into
the cytoplasm. their organelles
practically only are the Ribosomes,
the mesosomes, and some have
simple flagella

Eukaryotic cells. They are cells that have

a nucleus. they are those who have their
DNA surrounded by a membrane. they
have plasma membrane, cytoplasm and
nucleus. The eukaryotic cell is the
structural and functional unit of all
multicellular organisms. Two main types
are different.

 Animal cells. Characterized by does not have

membrane secretion or, if they have it, it is never
cellulose, by having very small vacuoles, chloroplasts
deficiency and present centrosome, an organelle
associated with the presence of cilia and flagella.

Plant cells. Are characterized by a

thick wall of cellulose located
abroad (on the plasma
membrane), have large vacuoles
and chloroplasts (some organelles
of green since contend
chlorophyll, which is the substance
that can carry out photosynthesis)

PARTS OF THE CELL

Cell organelle: Its an elemental constituent part of the cell, which has a
structural unit and a specific role.

Core: Is the rector of the cellular functions and controls the inheritance
Nucleolus: this contains RNA and ribosomes
Endoplasmic Reticulum: Its a Membrane that communicates to the plasma
membrane to the nucleus. It is of two types: Smooth (synthesis and transport
of lipids) and rough (protein synthesis)

Golgi apparatus: is the continuation of the endoplasmic reticulum. Its

function is the storage, modification and packaging of secretion of substances.

 Lysosomes: Are spherical structures that contain

digestive enzymes, degrade nutrients, bacteria and
damaged organelles.

Vacuole: These are hollow in the cytoplasm that function

as storage of substances and release excess water.

Mitochondria: They are ovoid bodies with double

membrane. Here the cellular respiration takes place and
produces energy

Chloroplasts: exclusive organelles of plants and algae

with double membrane and chlorophyll. Here the
photosynthesis takes place.

CHEMICAL STRUCTURE OF THE CELLS

The living matter is primarily chemical nature. Of all the known chemical elements,
some are only part of the living matter. The C is abundantly, they usually be called
biochemical elements. The most frequent are: C, N, O, H, S, P, K, Mg, Na, Cl. Some
biochemical elements construct much more complex substances such as
carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids.

Carbohydrates: they are biomolecules composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen,

giving immediate and structural energy.

Lipids: organic molecules composed of carbon, hydrogen and other elements such
as sulphur, which are hydrophobic and serve as a reserve energy and structural.

Nucleic Acids: are the biomolecules carriers of genetic information and synthesize
proteins.

CONCEPT
is a double membrane lipid and protein with a
thickness of 8-10 nm.

STRUCTURE
this consists of 2 layers, one exoplasmic and other
protoplasmic, that give it a trilaminate structure

COMPOSITION
Phospholipids and cholesterol

forming the basic structure of the

membrane bilayer

Proteins

perform specialized functions of

the plasma membrane.

Carbohydrate

recognition point of the plasma

membrane.

FUNCTIONS
1.

forms the
boundary between
the intracellular
and extracellular
spaces.

2.

Selectivity gives it
allows transport of
certain substances
there through.

3.

Allows recognition
of
macromolecules,
substances, cells,
microorganisms
and herself.

FUNCTIONS
3. Allows communication
between cells through
specific cell contacts.

4. Translate extracellular

signals into intracellular

functions through
receptors and second
messengers.

5. Facilitates the

recognition of immune
system

6. Participates in the
mechanisms of
secretion of type
exocytosis and
endocytosis.

ABSORPTION (ENDOCYTOSIS): IS THE ABILITY TO CAPTURE

SUBSTANCES FROM THE ENVIRONMENT, ARE CLASSIFIED:
Pinocytosis: Nonspecific uptake and extracellular fluid
material through vacuoles
Phagocitosis: Capturing microorganisms, cells and
extracellular high molecular weight material through
invagination.
Receptor-mediated endocytosis: Is specific because the cell
presents in the plasma membrane protein receptor type
which binds to a specific ligand

2.Secretion: The ability to transform absorbed

substances on a specific product and disposed
secretion

3.Exocytosis: The release of metabolic waste

material by the cell through the fusion of a
secretory vesicle with the plasma membrane

4. Breathing: The ability of the cell to produce

energy through the Krebs cycle, forming ATP and
molecular oxygen

5. Irritability: The ability of the cell to react to

a stimulus, with characteristics of neurons and
muscle cells

6. Conductivity: The ability of cells to transmit a

pulse, for example "an action potential in a neuron"

7.Contractility: Ability to shorten the cell size in a

direction determined as impulse response,
characteristic of muscle cells

8. Reproduction: The ability of cells to renew

themselves and multiply, due to growth through
protein synthesis and mitotic cell division.

ACTIVITY
ANSWER THE NEXT QUESTIONS AND AFFIRMATIONS
How are cells that have a nucleus called?
how cells that have large vacuoles and chloroplasts
are called?

In this organelle the cellular respiration takes place

and produces energy

These are the biomolecules carriers of genetic

information and synthesize proteins.