Link Budget

Contents
Link Budget
Link Budget Principle
Downlink Link Budget ( From eNodeB to UE)
Uplink Link Budget ( From UE to eNodeB)
Tx Power
Gains
Losses
Receiver Sensitivity
Downlink Link Budget (Calculation)
Uplink Link Budget (Calculation)

Link Budget

Link Budget is the first step toward RF Planning. It is also called Power
Budgeting.
It provides the Max. Allowable Path Loss (MAPL) and Cell Radius.
MAPL is max. attenuation on the signal which can be allowed to
Demodulate the signal Correctly.
Cell radius is the theoretical value which can be used to find the total
no of sites required.

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Link Budget
Link budget is the accounting of all of the gains and losses from the
transmitter, through the medium to the receiver in a telecommunication
system.
It accounts for the attenuation of the transmitted signal due to
propagation, as well as the antenna gains, feeder and miscellaneous
losses
Channel Margins such as fading are taken into account by adding some
margin depending on the anticipated severity of its effects.
A simple link budget equation looks like this:
Received Power (dBm) = Transmitted Power (dBm) + Gains (dB)
Losses (dB)
Link budget will be considered in both side:Uplink Link Budget ( From UE to eNodeB)
Downlink Link Budget From eNodeB to UE)
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Link Budget Principle

Link budget Process Starts with
a target service (Cell Edge
Throughput ) in a certain
Environment (Dense Urban ,
Urban, Rural).
First we get MAPL ( Max.
Allowable Path Loss)
MAPL = Tx Power Rx sensitivity
Losses Margins + Gains

Using MAPL we will find out Cell

Radius

MAPL = Intercept + 10 Slope

Log10(Cell Radius)

Cell Radius = 10(MAPL Intercept) / (10

Slope )

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Downlink Link Budget ( From eNodeB to

UE)

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Uplink Link Budget ( From UE to

eNodeB)

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Tx Power
Transmitted Power in Downlink is 43 dBm i.e. Base Station Power
Transmitted Power in Uplink is 23 dBm i.e. UE Power

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Gains
In link budget, gains are considered in the form of antenna gain ,
MIMO gain , Diversity gain and Handover gain
In Downlink eNodeB Antenna gain is considered 18 dBi for 65 degree
HBW.
In Uplink UE has 0 dBi gain, a outdoor CPE has 4-5 dBi gain.

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Margins
Margins considers random losses due to Fading , Shadowing,
Interference due to neighbors cell and user in own cell.

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Losses
Losses includes cables loss, Connector loss and Penetration loss.
Cable loss depends upon the length of cable (dB/m)
Penetration losses are depends on the Morphology:
Dense urban : 22dB
Urban : 18dB
Suburban : 16dB
Rural : 12dB

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Receiver Sensitivity
Rx Sensitivity is defined as the threshold of Min. signal strength which
can be successfully decoded by the receiver.
Rx sensitivity depends on thermal noise, Noise figure of Receiver,
Bandwidth and SINR
Rx sensitivity = Thermal Noise +Bandwidth +Noise Figure +SINR

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Downlink Link Budget (Calculation)

In Downlink BS power is 43 dBm.

Antenna Gain is to be supposed 18 dBi.
Loss 2 dB and Margin is 4 dB
Receiver sensitivity is -110 dB

MAPL = Tx Power Rx sensitivity Losses Margins + Gains

Path Loss = 43 - 2 - 4 + 18 + 110
= 164 dB

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Uplink Link Budget (Calculation)

In Uplink UE power is 23 dBm .
Antenna Gain is to be supposed 0 dBi .
Loss 2 dB and Margin is 4 dB
Receiver sensitivity is -110 dB

MAPL = Tx Power Rx sensitivity Losses Margins + Gains

Path Loss = 23 - 2 - 4 + 0 + 110
= 127 dB

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