Homeostasis

Prepared by :
Irfan Nafiz Bin Mazdi Faizal
Bac (Hons) Information Technology in
Engineering
MCSE : Enterprise Devices and Apps
(Microsoft)

1. Homeostasis is the maintenance of a relatively constant

internal environment.
Physical factor such as body temperature and blood
pressure while chemical factor are sugar level and
osmotic pressure such as partial of carbon dioxide and
oxygen
2. The excretory system
Plays an important role in homeostasis
The primary organs of the excretory system are the
kidneys.

Medulla

Cortex

Renal Artery

Renal Vein

Pelvis

Kidney

Ureter

Pyramid

Renal Tubule :
Proximal convoluted
tubule
Loop of Henle
Distal convoluted
tubule

Bowmans Capsule

glomerulu
s
Bowman
s
campsule

Nephron

Renal tubule

Formation of
urine :
o Ultrafiltration
o Reabsorption
o Secretion

Red Blood
cell and
plasma
protein
remain in
the blood
because the
too large
too pass
trough
filtration
membrane,

Ultrafiltration
Podocyctes/endhothelium of glomerulus
form filtration membrane
High hydrostatic pressure : Afferent
ateriole larger diameter than efferent
ateriole
The fluid enters into capsular space =
glomerular filtrate

Glomerular filtrate: water, glucose , amino

acids , urea mineral salts and other small
molecules

Reabsorption

Secretion

Negative Feedback Mechanisms

Excess the value rises above
the normal value

Corrective Mechanisms

Negative
feedback
Normal Value

Normal Value
Negative
feedback

Deficiency the value drops

below the normal value

Corrective Mechanisms

THE REGULATION OF BLOOD

OSMOTIC PRESSURE
DROPS/RISES THE NORMAL
RANGE

Detected by
osmoreseptors in
hypothalamus
Decrease in
solute potential

Decreas
ed
water
Normal plasma
intake

An increased
in ADH
released from
posterior
pituitary

Plasma solute
potential increases

osmotic level
Increas
ed
water
Increased
in
intake

Plasma solute
potential decreases

solute potential
Detected by
osmoreseptors in
hypothalamus

A decreased
in ADH
released from
posterior
pituitary

Increased permeability
of distal convoluted
tubule and collecting
duct to water
Greater proportion of
water reabsorption in
renal tubules
A small volume of
concentration urine
produced
A large volume of dilute
urine produced
smaller proportion of
water reabsorption in
renal tubules
Decreased permeability
of distal convoluted
tubule and collecting
duct to water

Haemodialysis is the
process of filtering
blood by using an
artificial means that
replaces the functions
of a failed kidney

Haemodialysis/
Kidney

After
meal
Rise in blood
glucose level
Secretion of more
insulin(-cells) or less
glucagon by pancreas

During fasting or after

exercise
Drop in blood
glucose level
Secretion of less
insulin or more
glucagon(-cells) by
pancreas

Liver cells
Liver cell
Decrease in
Increase in
+
absorb
break down +
glucose
glucose
glucose
glycogen
uptake by
uptake by
from blood
into
body cells for
body cells for
to form
glucoseTHE respiration
respiration
REGULATION
Blood glucose level
glycogen
returns to normal
OF GLUCOSE LEVEL

Body
tempratures
increase/decrea
se above 37 C

Thermoreseptors
in the
hypothalamus
detect the
increase
/decrease in body
temprature

Thermoreseptors
in the skin detect
the
increase/decereas
e in external
temprature

Thermoregulatory centre
in the hypothalamus

Effector

Thermoregulati