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SSK 4242
The Effect of Heat on Materials
Very important to human life – why ??? i) Weaker intra-molecular force
•
•
Structural or shape change
Melting
▲
• Decomposition a) CaCO3(s) CaO(s) + CO2(g)
• Sintering b) NH4Cl(s) NH3(g) + HCl(g)
• evaporation
Fe2O3(s) + MgO(s)
MgFe2O4(s) Table 1.2 The effect of
heat on solid materials
Double Decomposition:
NaCl(s) + AgBr(s)
AgCl(s) + NaBr(s)
Lecture 1 4-Nov-04 2
Thermal Analysis
SSK 4242
Heat Capacity
…an ability for the materials to absorb and keep the heat energy …
a) Solid materials The heat energy is kept via atomic vibration about
a min position around the atom in the lattice
b) Metallic materials The heat energy is also kept via the electronic
movement of the metal
Lecture 1 4-Nov-04 3
Thermal Analysis
SSK 4242
Heat Capacity (Cp)
…the amount of heat that is required to raise the temperature of a body by 1 Kelvin…
Cp = H / T
Lecture 1 4-Nov-04 4
Thermal Analysis
SSK 4242
Sample
• The material that is placed in the instrument at the beginning of
the experiment
• The reaction products
Thermogram
• The thermal analysis curve
• The experimental data in a graphic form
Lecture 1 4-Nov-04 5
Thermal Analysis
SSK 4242
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Thermal Analysis
SSK 4242
Signal
Sample generating Heat
unit
Signal
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Thermal Analysis
Thermal Analysis Techniques, the Measured SSK 4242
Parameters and the Thermograms
The rate of mass change versus
the temperature change
Mass loss m / T
m
T T
T
T
c) Differential Thermal analysis (DTA) d) Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC)
Lecture 1 4-Nov-04 8
Thermal Analysis
SSK 4242
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Thermal Analysis
SSK 4242
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