Kul-24 4410 Chapter 11.1.1

Ship Auxiliary Systems
TOP TEN in respect to space demand are

Electric power generation
Exhaust gas pipes, EG boilers
Sea water intakes, main SW duct
Central coolers
Centrifuge purifier room
Machinery control room, Main switchboard
Oil fired steam boiler
Fuel oil tanks
Ventilation air channels
Fin stabilisers
Pentti Hkkinen ship auxiliaries.11.1
Wrrtsil New Professionals 3.-7.11.2008
Ship Auxiliary Systems

Systems that need closer look here due to
1) Big space demand in engine room or otherwise
influence on machinery arrangement
2) Expensive systems or with high energy demand
Such ship auxiliary systems are
Bilge system
Ballast water system
Automation and control system
Main switchboard and Starter boards
Steam and feed water system
Fresh water generation (in cruise liners)
Do not forget overhaul and transportation routes!
Bilge System
purpose
Remove water from engine room or any compartment other than tank.
Dimensioning acc. Class rules.
Cleaning oily bilge water before discharge to sea.
Engine room emergency draining with largest, often S.W. cooling pump
location
Pipeline through all ship.
2 pumps in engine room, valves in pipe tunnel or engine room
Special requirements on passenger ship (extra pumps)
main components
Piston pump, centrifugal pump, bilge water separator, tank. (Ballast water or
General service pump is often utilised as spare bilge pump)
design problems
Occasional suction problems. Pipeline arrangement in confined aft ship
operation problems
Frequent alarms from too small bilge wells. Bilge water separator cannot
handle e.g. detergents.
Bilge System - valves in engine room

Suction from wells SW cooling line
BW lines to P,SB, aft
Piston bilge pump
Bilge valve
chest
Bilge suction
Change-over
valve chest
Bilge valve
chest to holds
Bilge water
separator &
oil monitor
Emegency
suction with
largest SW
cooling pump
Bilge water
tank
Mud box
Water separator side valve
Suction head
Side valve
BW pump & BW lines
Engine room bilge system, icebreaker

Funnel drain
pipe
Bilge water
pumping to
shore P&S
Three way valve

controlled by oil
content monitor
Bilge
water
tank
Side
valve
Bilge water
separator
Sea water
rinsing
Piston
pump
5 m3/h
Large pipe >NS 50

Small pipe <NS 40
To bilge
water tank
in double
bottom
Eccenter pump
5 m3/h

From bilge wells
From main bilge line
Insulated and
trace heated pipe
Bilge System
Piston bilge suction

Bilge water separator
Ballast Water System

purpose
Control ship draft, trim, heel for safe sailing and swift loading/unloading.
Stability rules limit the maximum tank size.
location
Pipeline through the ship.
Two pumps in engine room, valves in pipe tunnel or engine room. 6 10
deep tanks widely distributed. Ring line must be inside B/5.
Pumps can also be in fore pump room (pax ships) or cargo pump room.
Roro ships have often anti-heeling tanks as separate high capacity system.
main components
Centrifugal pump
Possibly high capacity heeling pumps / air compressors
design problems
Occasional suction problems.
operation problems
Very seldom


Dry cargo ship BW system with valves in pipe duct
(simplified)
Side valve
BW pumps
Aft peak tank Sea chests

Engine room
Filter
BW tanks
BW ring line
Pipe duct
Fore peak tank

Dry cargo ship BW system with valves in engine room
(simplified)
Side valve
BW pumps
Aft peak tank Sea chests

Engine room
Filter
BW tanks
BW pipes
Fore peak tank

Double bottom pipe duct in dry cargo ship

Bilge and Ballast Systems Location

Cargo area BW pumps in tank area.
Their sea chests below sloop tanks
Oily water Bilge BW
separator pump pump
Aft
peak
tank
Oily water Bilge BW

separator pump pump
Ring line pipe to all DB and fore

peak BW tanks is led through BW
tanks. Submerged valves
Automation and Control System

purpose
Collect and process information,
Execute control actions automatically or as decision support system.
location
Cabling and workstations through all ship. Computers in the engine room,
heavy duty local control terminals also in engine rooms.
main components
Computers and work stations. Electric and optical cables with routers.
design problems
Expensive system, cabling and testing time consuming. Subsystem
compatibility problems. Rapid development brings unmature solutions.
Finding safe and remote location for cables and routers.
operation problems
Many software related problems. Updating management is critical.
Operator skills need constant improvement and better operator interfaces.
Systems influence on ship safety.
Main Switchboard and Starter boards

purpose
Main switchboard is backbone of electric system, including control and
monitoring functions. Starter boards control large electric motors.
location
Main switchboard close to generators in control room (or adjacent space).
Due to safety reasons often divided and placed in two switchboard rooms.
Other switchboards seldom in engine room. Centralised starter boards in
control room or engine room.
main components
Main switchboard
design problems
Main switchboard length, up to 14 meter. Big cables & high ventilation
demand increase space problems.
Emergency conditions -arching, short circuits.
operation problems
Seldom systematic problems.
Emergency Generator and Switchboard

purpose
To supply and distribute electric for vital consumers when power plant
is not available. Capacity and operation regulated by Class and SOLAS
main components
Emergency diesel generator with automatic start located above main
deck. Access from open deck, self-contained plant.
Emergency cells located above main deck. Supply power after main
voltage loss, until emergency generator operates.
Sufficient alone in some small cargo ships.
Emergency switchboard, located near the power source. Sections:
400V ES1 feeds fire pump, bilge pump, steering gear and other
emergency consumers
240V ES2 feeds navigation instruments, fed by ES1
240V ES3 feeds alarm system, emergency & navigation lights,
fed by ES2 or cells
operation problems
Starting failures of emergency generator / emergency fire pump
Main Switchboard and Starter boards

Main switchboard for 2 generator ship - total length 9 meter
Starters & Shore
Feeders Supply P
GEN 1
To Emerg. board
Normal cubicle height

is 2300. Free 300 mm
space above and 400
mm below the floor
plates required.
Cubicle breadth is 600
or 800 mm
GEN 2
Shore
Supply SB
Bustie
Add 1 cubicle for each

generator. 2 cubicle if
main switchboard is
divided in halves. 3 4
cubicles and transition
piece if halves installed
in separate rooms.
Starters &
Feeders
220 V Section
To 220V Section
Medium voltage (>1 kV)

switchboard is abt. 20 %
longer. Cubicles 800 or
1000 mm
Separate starter boards:
cubicle (600 mm) for
1 3 motors.
Generator and Switchboard Location

Emergency
diesel generator
and switchboard
Cargo
Main
Transformers
control room switchboard
Main Control
Desk
Automation
board
Cargo pump
converters
Generator and Switchboard Location
3 diesel generators
on level 9000 mm
Shaft generator
Steam and Feed water System

purpose
Generate and convey thermal energy to consumers
Water steam is practical. Alternatives are thermal oil and (for MDO ships
only) hot water
location
Main components often in main engine room instead of dedicated spaces.
Insulated pipes are lead to consumers through all ship.
main components
Normally two oil fired boilers and exhaust gas boiler for each main engine.
Water tanks and pump assemblies
design problems
High capacity boilers and exhaust gas boilers (including overhaul space)
cause space problems in passenger ships.
Pumps location on low level can also be difficult
operation problems
Feed water related problems
Exhaust gas boiler fouling and soot fires
Typical Steam and Feed Water System

Mixing does not allow too
cold water in boiler
Gas outlet
temperature 180oC
Steam to consumers
Preheating
section
SW cooled
dumping
condenser to
handle excess
steam
Evaporation
section
Oil fired boiler

(auxiliary boiler)
Circulation
pumps
Condensate tank Feed water tank
Return from
consumers
Cooling coil

Feed water pumps
Steam and Feed Water System Capacity

Most ships never use all oil fired boiler capacity. Large boilers in crude oil / black
products tankers. Exhaust gas boilers operate dry, use dumping condenser or bypass.
Calculate for each consumer group, see table. 1000 kg steam = 2260 MJ
heat consumer
cargo oil heating MJ/h
HFO storage tanks
HFO treatment plant
Domestic water
Accommodation heating
Engine room heating
Fresh water generation
Total
Steam demand kg/h
Oil fired boilers kg/h
Exhaust gas boilers
kg/h
20 MW
icebreaker
600
2000
30
1000
1900
5500
2430
1 * 2500
4 * 1000
2000 pass. 45000 tdw

car ferry
tanker
57000
1700
600
2000
750
2500
20
19000
2900
15000
3000
2000
300
42200
64750
18670
28570
2 * 9000 2 * 14000
4 * 1500
1 * 4000
Oil Fired Boiler Dimensions
Steam collecting space

Steam
Height
Width
Mass dry
capacity kg/h mm
mm
kg
1000
3400
1400
3350
1500
3600
1600
4600
2000
4000
1700
5500
3000
4400
2000
7500
6000
5300
2300
13000
12000
5800
4000
19000
Finned water tubes inside the

some tubes
Furnace
Brickwork
refractory
Steam Boiler and Feed Water Pump Location

Oil fired boilers Exhaust gas boiler
Feed water tank

Surplus steam
condenser
Feed water
pumps
Fire Protection
To activate fire alarm and permit early and efficient fire extinguishing.
Ship divided in machinery spaces, cargo space, accommodation
(each with multiple fire zones).
Fire water system required in all ships. Needed also for cooling of structures.
Number and capacity of pumps according to rules. Secondary system is
always required.
Carbon dioxide: all fires, efficient in enclosed space, lethal, testing difficult
Water fog: newcomer, all fires, non-toxic, complicated plant, testing easy
Halon: efficient, mildly toxic, banned due to ozone layer depleting effect
Foam: various foams for various purposes, difficult after cleaning
(Powder)
Total flooding (Space) extinguishers Local extinguishers
Local compulsory in existing pax vessel by October 2005
Manual release Automatic release
Fresh water systems

purpose
To distillate fresh water from brine utilising waste heat. When waste heat is
not sufficient, steam from oil fired boilers is used.
To filter and treat water for safe utilisation as technical or potable water.
To store pressurised hot and cold water for consumers.
location
Large multistage units with sea water pumps located in dedicated rooms.
Water tanks distributed in various compartments.
Cargo ships the small evaporators and hydrophores in main engine room.
main components
Multistage units & water tanks in cruise liners. Otherwise small components.
Reverse osmosis units: small, demand high pumping power, 300 ppm salt.
design problems
Large evaporator size and high energy consumption.
More stages mean low heat consumption but increase cost and dimensions.
operation problems
Evaporator maintenance, bacteria contamination would be disaster.
Fresh water systems

Multistage evaporator
Number of
stages
1
2
3
4
6
Heat demand
kWh/m3
650
380
270
190
130
Fresh water system

Land connections Port and Sb
Technical water
Filter Hydrophore
UV unit
Dimensions
Mineralisation
Chlorination
Water
Stages L x B x H m Mass
capacity t/d
kg
25
1 1.4x1.8x1.8
1600
50
1 1.5x2.0x1.8
2000
200
4 7.2x2.3x2.8 13000
600
6
12x3.2x3.0 38000
Note that single stage units require

double length space for opening
Evaporator
Transfer
pump
Storage
tanks
Hot Heater Cold
water
water
Overhaul space
Important overhaul items

Main and aux. engine piston
Turbocharger rotor
Charge air cooler inserts
Main and big end bearings
Clutch and coupling elements
Generator rotors
Propeller and intermediate shafts
Exhaust gas boiler inserts
Large sea water pumps
Feed water pumps
Pipe systems, especially HFO, SW

Service space
must be provided
Centrifuge purifiers
Fuel injectors
Fuel oil booster unit
Sea water filters
Piping accessories
Make sure that floor plate
and platforms are
reinforced for heavy items!
Material transport routes
Material transport to
workshop and storages
Main engine large spare parts
Auxiliary engine piston
Large valves
Screw pumps
Pump impellers
Tools
Transport to/from land

Main engine large spare parts
Large pumps
Pipe, bar and plate material
Generator rotor
Propeller and intermediate shaft
(holes cut in bulkhead may be
accepted but no any major
component dismantling)
Make sure that floor plate and
platforms are reinforced for heavy
items!

Overhaul and Material Transport
Service lift
and hatch on
main deck
Traverse
crane above
main engine
(Port) Heavy
main engine
spare parts
secured
Aft thruster motor and shaft generator

Pentti Hkkinen ship
auxiliaries.11.1
rotor
(Port) overhaul is foreseen
Engine
store
Engineer
workshop
Lift rail above each

genset, leading to
ME traverse crane
reach area

Kul-24 4410 Chapter 11.1.1

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Ship Auxiliary Systems

TOP TEN in respect to space demand are

Ship Auxiliary Systems

Bilge System - valves in engine room

BW lines to P,SB, aft

Piston bilge pump

BW pump & BW lines

Engine room bilge system, icebreaker

Three way valve

Large pipe >NS 50

Pentti Hkkinen ship auxiliaries.11.1

From bilge wells

From main bilge line

Pentti Hkkinen ship auxiliaries.11.1

Bilge water separator

Ballast Water System

Pentti Hkkinen ship auxiliaries.11.1

Ballast Water System

Aft peak tank Sea chests

Fore peak tank

Ballast Water System

Aft peak tank Sea chests

Fore peak tank

Ballast Water System

Pentti Hkkinen ship auxiliaries.11.1

Bilge and Ballast Systems Location

Oily water Bilge BW

Ring line pipe to all DB and fore

Automation and Control System

Main Switchboard and Starter boards

Emergency Generator and Switchboard

Main Switchboard and Starter boards

Normal cubicle height

Add 1 cubicle for each

Medium voltage (>1 kV)

Generator and Switchboard Location

Generator and Switchboard Location

Steam and Feed water System

Typical Steam and Feed Water System

Oil fired boiler

Pentti Hkkinen ship auxiliaries.11.1

Feed water pumps

Steam and Feed Water System Capacity

2000 pass. 45000 tdw

Oil Fired Boiler Dimensions

Steam collecting space

Finned water tubes inside the

Steam Boiler and Feed Water Pump Location

Feed water tank

Fresh water systems

Evaporator maintenance, bacteria contamination would be disaster.

Fresh water systems

Fresh water system

Note that single stage units require

Important overhaul items

Pentti Hkkinen ship auxiliaries.11.1

Material transport routes

Transport to/from land

Pentti Hkkinen ship auxiliaries.11.1

Overhaul and Material Transport

Aft thruster motor and shaft generator

Lift rail above each

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