OPTICAL FIBRES

Amyn Charaniya 283065

Roxanne Fernandes 283074

Jaydeep Mehta 283094

Roshani Shah 283112

History
  
Fibre optics, though used extensively in
the modern world, is a fairly simple and
old technology.

It was first demonstrated by Daniel

Colladon and Jacques Babinet in Paris in
the early 1840s.

Practical applications, such as close

internal illumination during dentistry,
appeared early in the twentieth century.
 What are Optical Fibres ?
  
• Optical Fibres are fibres of glass, usually
about 120 micrometers in diameter, which
are used to carry signals in the form of
pulses of light over distances up to 50 km
without the need for repeaters. These
signals may be coded voice
communications or computer data
Long thin strands of very pure glass about the size
of human hair
 Arranged in bundles called optical cables

Used to transmit light signals over long distances

Hundreds of thousands arranged in bundles to form
optical cables
 An optical fibre is a waveguide for
light

consists of :
core inner part where wave propagates
cladding outer part used to keep wave in core
buffer protective coating
jacket outer protective shield
• The optical fibre can be used as a medium
for telecommunication and networking
because it is flexible and can be bundled
as cables.
• In telecommunications applications, the
light used is typically infrared light
• Fibres are generally used in pairs, with
one fibre of the pair carrying a signal in
each direction
• Fibres, like waveguides, can have various
transmission modes. The fibres used for
long-distance communication are known
as single mode fibres, as they have only
one strong propagation mode.
Types of optical fibres
• Single mode
– only one signal can be transmitted
– use of single frequency

• Multi mode
– Several signals can be transmitted
– Several frequencies used to modulate the signal
 Typical core and
cladding diameters

Type Core (mm) Cladding (mm)

Single mode 8 125

Multimode 50 125

62.5 125

100 140
Fibre can be bent!!
 Areas of Application
  
• Telecommunication
– Optical fibres are now the standard point to
point cable link between telephone
substations.

• Local Area Networks (LAN)

– Multimode fibre is commonly used as the
"backbone" to carry signals between the
hubs of LAN's from where copper coaxial
cable takes the data to the desktop. Can
support hundreds of stations on a campus
… Areas of Application
  
• Cable TV
– As mentioned above domestic cable TV
networks use optical fibre because of its very
low power consumption.

• CCTV
– Closed circuit television security systems use
optical fibre because of its inherent security.
 … Areas of Application
  
• Long-haul trunks
-common in telephone networks
• Metropolitan trunks
-to join phone exchanges in metro areas
• Rural exchange trunks
-connect exchanges of different phone companies
Other Applications
 Advantages of
Optical Fibres
• Can carry much more information
• Much higher data rates
• Much longer distances than co-axial cables
• Immune to electromagnetic noise
• Light in weight
• Unaffected by atmospheric agents
Disadvantages of
Optical Fibres
• Expensive
• Need to convert electrical signal
into optical signal when
transmitting and convert it back to
electrical signal when receiving
 Conclusion

• Fibre optic is the best choice in

terms of speed, bandwidth and
security.
• It is better than a co-axial cable.
• One should always opt for an optic
fibre cable since it reduces data
loss and has a high data
transmission rate even though it is
a little more expensive than co-
axial cable.
Thank You