Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Presented by
Jason Bible, MBA, MSM, ARM, CHMM, CSP
Program Manager, Occupational Safety and
Fire Prevention
Todays Topics..
National Fire
Protection
Association
International
Building Code
by ICC
Video: http://youtu.be/SIetpe_KAJU
Notable Fires
What is in Code
Chapter 1-3 (key information,
definitions)
Chapters 4-6 (occupancy definition)
Chapters 7-10 (means of egress, fire
protection, interior finish )
Chapters 11- 42 (assembly,
educational, business)
Chapter 43 Building Rehabilitation
Annex and Index
Means of Egress.
Important numbers to remember
76 or 68 with ceiling projections,
32 door opening,
Kept egress clear at all times.
Exits
Stairs
Fire Protection
Fire barriers
Smoke barriers
Rated fire doors
Automatic Sprinklers NFPA 13, 13D,
13R
Occupancy Definitions
See chapter 6 for the definition of the
all the different occupancies.
Table 6.1.14.4.1(a/b)- separation of
occupancies.
Types of Occupancies
Assembly- theaters, auditoriums,
stadiums
Educational- high schools,
classroom(varies)
Health Care- nursing homes, hospitals
Business, Storage, Mercantile,
Assembly
Educational
An occupancy used for educational purposes through the twelfth grade
by six or more persons for 4 or more hours per day or more than 12
hours per week.
Health Care
Business
An occupancy used for the
transaction of business other than
mercantile.
Storage
An occupancy used primarily for the
storage or sheltering of goods,
merchandise, products, or vehicles.
Mercantile
An occupancy used for the display and
sale of merchandise.
THE MALL!
Highlights
The purpose of the Life Safety Code is to establish
minimum requirements that will provide a
reasonable degree of safety from fire and similar
emergencies in buildings and structures.
To apply the Code effectively, one must understand
the legal authority of the Code in various
jurisdictions; be familiar with the layout and content
of the Code;
understand how to navigate through the Code; and
have a thorough understanding of how proper
application of the Code can minimize the effects of a
devastating fire or other emergency.
IBC
Occupancy Types
Chapter 3
A,B,E,F,H,I, M,R,S, U
Some occupancies have numbers
attached
A-3: assemblies for worship, recreation
The number reflects the degree for which
the area is being used.
2006 IBC
CORE CHAPTERS
21
Chapters 1- 10
Set up like NFPA 101
Means of egress, fire protection, interior
finish, rated construction
Chapters are more in depth
SUMMARY
NFPA 101 and IBC
There is no national or worldwide building code.
Both codes reference one another
Federal Government requires NFPA for hospitals
participation in Medicare and Medicaid
programs
State agency along with municipalities may use
IBC but want to use NFPA for egress.
IBC geared toward construction and life safety
NFPA 101 is more for life safety in different
occupancies
Applicability of NFPA 45
A Laboratory?
Laboratory
Laboratory Unit
An enclosed space used for experiments or tests. May
include one or more laboratory work areas.
Laboratory Building
A structure consisting wholly or principally of one or
more laboratory units.
Laboratory Units
Laboratory Units
Laboratory Units
Objective of NFPA 45
Limit injury to:
Occupants at the point of fire origin
Emergency response personnel
Laboratory Unit
Fire Hazard Classification
Class A Unit = High Fire Hazard
Class B Unit = Moderate Fire
Hazard
Class C Unit = Low Fire Hazard
Class D Unit = Minimal Fire Hazard
Laboratory Unit
Classification
Based on the quantity of:
Flammable liquids
Combustible liquids
Flammable gases
Laboratory Unit
Classification
Liquefied flammable gases = Class I
flammable liquids
How to classify hazardous materials?
CD ROM database:
Hazardous Materials Expert Assistant
www.iccsafe.org
Laboratory Unit
Classification
Includes quantities in storage cabinets or
safety cans
Lab Unit
Maximum Quantity
Classificatio
Class I Liquids
n
per Lab Unit (gal)
Maximum Quantity
Class I, II, IIIA
Liquids per Lab
Unit (gal)
20 gal/100 ft2
1,200 (max)
40 gal/100 ft2
1600 max
10 gal/100 ft2
600 max
20 gal/100 ft2
800 max
4 gal/100 ft2
300 max
8 gal/100 ft2
400 max
2 gal/100 ft2
150 max
2 gal/100 ft2
150 max
Laboratory Unit
Classification
Lab Unit
Classificati
on
Industrial
10,000
2
90-min
openings
Industrial
10,000
1
45-min
openings
Industrial
No Limit
Not
Required
Business
No Limit
Not
Required
Laboratory Unit
Classification
No limit on number of lab units per
floor
No reduction of allowable quantities
based on vertical location
Supporting construction must carry
corresponding fire rating
Difficult to do Class A/B lab units in
multi-story Type IIB building!
Fire Protection
Automatic sprinkler system required in all new
labs
Sprinkler Density:
Ordinary Hazard Group 2 A/B lab units
Ordinary Hazard Group 1 C/D lab units
Standpipes
Lab buildings 2 or more stories above or below
grade
Fire Protection
Fire Alarm System
Class A and B Units manual system
required
Must alert local emergency responders
or public fire department
Fire Protection
Laboratory Emergency Plans
Alarm activation
Evacuation and building re-entry
Equipment shut down
Fire fighting operations
Non-fire hazards that threaten
emergency operations
Explosion Hazards
Storage or formation of materials
with an instability hazard rating of 4
Highly exothermic reactions
Polymerization, oxidations,
hydrogenation, etc.
Explosion Protection
Limit amounts of flammable or reactive
chemicals
Fire detection interlocked with deluge
sprinklers
Local fume hood suppression
Explosion suppression
Explosion resistant construction
Explosion venting
Laboratory Ventilation
Dedicated exhaust required for each lab unit
to exterior, or rated shaft, or to mechanical
penthouse
Fire dampers not permitted in lab exhaust duct
systems
Potential alternatives:
Enclose exhaust for 10 feet either side of rated
penetration
Use sub-ducts per NFPA 45: A.8.10.3.1
Dedicated exhaust duct risers
22-inch sub-ducts with continuous upward air movement
Laboratory Ventilation
Negative pressure vs. corridors and nonlab area
Ducts
Non-combustible materials
Combustible material with Flame Spread
25
Fans
Conveying corrosive, flammable or
combustible vapors
Flame Spread 25
Non-ferrous or spark-resistant
Laboratory Ventilation
Hood interiors
Flame Spread 25 by NFPA 255
Sprinklered for special cases
Flame spread > 25
Hazard analysis
Summary
NFPA 45
Laboratory safety
Fire hazard classification
Fire protection
Gas and chemical storage
Fire Extinguishers
Fire Extinguisher Training Requirements.
29 CFR 1910.157(g)
Where the employer has provided portable fire extinguishers
for employee use in the workplace, the employer shall also
provide an educational program to familiarize employees with:
Fire Extinguishers
TYPES OF FIRE
Class A - Combustible material
Class B - Flammable liquid
Class C - Electrical
Class D - Combustible metals (not as
well known)
Class K- Kitchen
Fire Extinguishers
Extinguisher types
The fire equipment manufacturers refer to
three basic types of hand portable fire
extinguishers:
1. Stored pressure
2. Cartridge operated
3. Sealed pressure
Fire Extinguishers
The difference lies mainly in the sealing
method and the means by which the
container is pressurized
Fire Extinguishers
Classified as either stored pressure or
cartridge operated, they are additionally
classified by Underwriters Laboratory (UL)
as:
ABC - (Ammonium Phosphate).
BC - (Sodium Bicarbonate; Purple K). or
D
- (Super D or Sodium Chloride),
Copper, or
G-Plus (Graphite).
Fire Extinguishers
Stored pressure
Fire Extinguishers
Stored pressure
Fire Extinguishers
Stored pressure
Fire Extinguishers
Cartridge
operated
With cartridge
operated fire
extinguishers, the
expellant gas is
stored in a separate
cartridge located
within or adjacent to
the shell containing
the extinguishing
agent
Fire Extinguishers
Sealed pressure
Fire Extinguishers
Sealed pressure - cont.
Fire Extinguishers
Wheeled Units
Fire Extinguishers
Portable fire extinguishers must be
visually inspected monthly. The
inspection should assure that:
1. Fire extinguishers are in their assigned place;
2. Fire extinguishers are not blocked or hidden;
3. Fire extinguishers are mounted in accordance
with NFPA Standard No. 10 (Portable Fire
Extinguisher);
4. Pressure gauges show adequate pressure
(CO2 extinguisher must be weighted to
determine if leakage has occurred);
5. Pin and seals are in place;
6. Fire extinguishers show no visual sign of
damage or abuse;
Fire Extinguishers
Extinguisher Placement (Travel Distance)
The following chart contains OSHA requirements for classes of fires
and
travel distance to an extinguisher.
Fire Class
Class A
Class B
Class C
Class.
Class D
Travel Distance
*75 ft. (22.9m) or less
50 ft. (15.2m)
Based on appropriate A or B Hazard
75 ft
P for PULL
A for AIM
"S for SQUEEZE
S for SWEEP
Fire Extinguishers
Remember.
The average hand portable
extinguisher will only operate for 30
seconds ----- There is NO TIME to
learn during an actual emergency.
Fire Extinguishers
IN CASE OF FIRE
Evacuate the building
SUMMARY
NFPA10
PASS method
Fire classifications
Types of fire extinguishers