Hydrothermal Treatment of

Municipal Solid Waste : Paper

Introduction
BASKORO LOKAHITA
14M53090

Outline

Current condition of Municipal Solid Waste

Operating Principle of the hydrothermal treatment

Experiment method

Result and Discussion

Reference
Prawisudha, P., Namioka, T., & Yoshikawa, K. (2012). Coal alternative
fuel production from municipal solid wastes employing hydrothermal
treatment.Applied Energy,90(1), 298-304.
Pariatamby, A. (n.d.).Municipal solid waste management in Asia and
the Pacific Islands: Challenges and strategic solutions.

Current condition of Municipal Solid Waste : Japan

MSW discharge

46.3 million tons

Approximate 20%
are plastics which
contains chlorine

0.98 kg of
waste capita per
day

79 % went through
INCINERATION

71 % of MSW
is generated by

households

(FY2010)

Operating Principle of the

hydrothermal treatment

Experiment Method
Raw Product

centrifuging

Solid
Product/MSW

105 C drying
Dry Product

550 C oven
Ash

Ash
Composition

Liquid
Product /
Condensed
Water
pH

40 C 1:40 mix filtration

Liquid part

Inorganic
Chlorine
Content

Solid part

Organic
Chlorine
Content

Total Chlorine
Content

Liquid
chlorine
content

Result and Discussion

Appearance of raw MSW and hydrothermally

treated products.

Result and Discussion

Summary

Higher reaction temperature and longer holding period will produce more
uniform and denser product

Higher reaction temperature and longer holding period will produce products
with lower organic chlorine content.

The organic chlorine in the products was converted to inorganic chlorine, with
the lowest organic chlorine content of 0.16% (1600 ppm), decreased from an
average of 0.97% (9700 ppm) in the raw MSW.

The inorganic chlorine can then be water washed and dewatered to reduce the
total chlorine content in the products.

Heating values of the hydrothermally treated products were not substantially

altered. The highest heating value recorded was 24 MJ/kg, with an average for
all products of 20 MJ/kg, which is almost equal to that of low-grade subbituminous coal.

The innovative hydrothermal treatment can be considered as an alternative

MSW treatment that produces a safe, usable, and low chlorine content solid
fuel

Separation of Biomass and nonBiomass of Municipal Solid Waste

using Hydrothermal Process :
Research Plan
BASKORO LOKAHITA
14M53090

Outline

Introduction

Background

Problem statement

Objective

Previous Work

Research Plan

Methodology

Timeline

Background :

Current condition of Municipal Solid Waste : ASEAN

INDONESIA :
Waste generation 2.5-3.0
l/capita/day
NO SEGREGATION
Organic waste : 55%
68.6% went through
LANDFILL
MALAYSIA :
Waste generation 1.52.0
kg/capita/day in most
cities
NO SEGREGATION
Organic Waste : 46%,
Plastic : 15%, Paper :
14%
Most of waste went
through LANDFILL

Vietnam :
21.543 tons/day
NO SEGREGATION
Organic waste : 50-66%
Most of waste went
through LANDFILL

THAILAND :
Waste generation 41.064
tons/day
NO SEGREGATION
Organic waste : 64%
Most of waste went
through LANDFILL
Intermediate Treatment facilities
are under development in each
country

Previous Work
Prawisudha, P., Mumin, G., Yoshikawa, K., & Pasek, A. (n.d.).
Experimental Study on Separation of Metal Layer in Aluminum-plastic
Packaging by Employing Hydrothermal Process.

30 minutes holding time

at temperature 155 C
(A), 190 C (B), and 225
C (C)

Raw Material

Separated PP plastic (left)

and aluminum (right)

Previous Work

Conclusion

Hydrothermal process could be applied to separate aluminium and

plastic layer contained in laminated aluminium foil waste.

Highest aluminium yield obtained at hydrothermal temperature 225

C and 60 minutes holding time.

The effect of temperature was more significant compare to the effect

of process holding time.

Problem Statement

Most of developing and under development countries havent

successfully doing source separation

Doing resource recovery under mixed waste condition is very

hard and cost a lot of money

Objective

Study the effect of hydrothermal treatment as separation method

for biomass and non-biomass fraction in mixed waste. Thus, each
separated fraction could be processed accordingly.

Research Plan : Methodology

1. Experimental Setup
Sample
Preparation

Hydrotherma
l Treatment

Solid

Sieving

Liquid

Variation
Parameter

Value

Temperature(oC)

160, 180, 220

Time (minuet)

30, 60

Waste Composition
(A:B:C)

50% : 20% : 30%

Particle size distribution

D10, D60

*A : Putrescible Waste, B : Plastic Waste(PE,Packaging,PET), C :

Paper Waste

Research Plan : Methodology

2. Product Analysis

Particle
Characterization
Proximate

ASTM D4749 - 87
SEM-EDX
TGA (Shimadzu D 50 simultaneous TGA/DTA
analyzer)

Ultimate

Elemental Analyzer

Inorganic

Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry

(Shimadzu ICPE-9000)

Timeline
Activity

Month
1

Sample Preparation
Experimental
Analysis
Evaluation

Thank You for your

attention