Bahagian Pembangunan Kurikulum

Bahagian Pembangunan Kurikulum

Bahagian Pembangunan Kurikulum

WHAT IS CURRICULUM ?

In formal education, a curriculum is

the set of courses, and their content,

offered at a school or university.
As an idea, curriculum stems from
the Latin word for race course, referring
to the course of deeds and experiences
through which children grow to become
mature adults.
A curriculum is prescriptive, and is
based
on
a
more
general
syllabus which merely specifies what
topics must be understood and to what
level to achieve a particular grade or
standard.

Bahagian Pembangunan Kurikulum

Individuals Involved in Curriculum

Implementation
Teachers
Students

curriculum
developers,

Principals or
Headmasters

academics,

assistant principals,

interested political
officials and

district education
officers,

parents,

lay citizens.

state education
officers,

Bahagian Pembangunan Kurikulum

WHAT IS CURRICULUM CHANGE?

what
happens
when
change
occurs?,
what is the source of change?
Can
people
predict
the
consequences of change?
Can educators
control
those
changes that directly impact them?

Bahagian Pembangunan Kurikulum

CURRICULUM CHANGE CAN

OCCUR AT 3 LEVELS:

Minor
Medium
Major

Many aspects of the curriculum,

for example content, methods
approaches,
materials;
subtracting or adding to what
already exists.

Minor changes may comprise of

re-arrangement of the sequence
of the subject content or learning
activities or just the addition of
one topic or method to the
instructional program

Medium changes may include

an innovation like integration of
subjects, a new subject or a
new approach to the existing
subject

Bahagian Pembangunan Kurikulum

WHY SHOULD THERE BE CHANGE

IN THE CURRICULUM?
The environment keeps changing and this creates
new needs in the society, the curriculum has to
change continuously to address these needs.
School is a social system serving the society,
changes in the society will definitely provoke
changes in the school curriculum.
In this case curriculum change is necessary for
broader changes in the society.

Bahagian Pembangunan Kurikulum

Bahagian Pembangunan Kurikulum

WHY SHOULD THERE BE CHANGE

IN THE CURRICULUM?.......
Changes in the community, its population, and
professional staff need to be reflected in the
related changes in the school curriculum as they
directly alter the learners needs, interests and
attitudes.
Curriculum change is to improve learning
Educational change is among the variety of social
changes.

Bahagian Pembangunan Kurikulum

10

The Malaysia curriculum is on par with other countries

A BRIEF COMPARISON OF STANDARDS

Relative comparison with Australia, Korea,

Singapore, Finland, the U.K. & U.S. shows
common area of parity for primary &
secondary
in
literacy,
numeracy
&
mathematics

Msias Mathematics content

for Form 2 has 90% or more of
the same content at various
levels with other countries

E.g., while our English subject curriculum

meets international benchmarks, it is also
customised to local needs
In terms of instructional time for subjects such
as Mathematics & Science, Msia is
comparable to other countries

Bahagian Pembangunan Kurikulum

11

12

Bahagian Pembangunan Kurikulum

Bahagian Pembangunan Kurikulum

13

Where Are We ?
Instructional leadership refers to the knowledge and skills
principals possess to effectively support the academic
program (Shellard, 2003).
The principal become deeply engaged in the schools
instructional program (Hallinger, 2005)
Instructional leaders must be prepared to focus time,
attention, and effort on changing what students are
taught, how they are taught, and what they are learning
(Bottoms & ONeill, 2001).
As a result, principals must find a way for managerial and
instructional responsibilities to complement and support
each other instead of being in constant competition.

Bahagian Pembangunan Kurikulum

14

RESISTANCE TO CURRICULUM
CHANGE
educational stake holders
respond by

opposing the new changes

Changes breed in rivalry among
teachers
Change interferes with the school
routine
Educational stake holders respond by
opposing the new changes.
Lack of involvement of the community,
People normally resist change
Curriculum change has implications

Bahagian Pembangunan Kurikulum

15

Strategies in supporting curriculum

change?
Leadership can foster school reforms
through maintaining of collaborative
norms

Bahagian Pembangunan Kurikulum

Conclusion
Curriculum change will always
meet resistance,
Can be reduced if curriculum
managers understand the nature
of resistance and its triggers.
In most cases these triggers can
be avoided if the managers
create systems that embrace
change.

Bahagian Pembangunan Kurikulum

Conclusion
A school system is comprised of several stake holders
whose interests, concerns and aspirations have to be
accommodated in the changes.
A school culture and climate that embraces collegiality
and collaborative efforts succeeds in having everyone
on board for support of changes that everyone sanctions
and envisions as coherent with societal, individuals and
school values and objectives.
Sharing in the vision, the process and results of change
encourages support, participation and involvement of
the stake holders.

Bahagian Pembangunan Kurikulum

We Have to Work
Together.

Bahagian Pembangunan Kurikulum

KISAH DAN TELADAN.

Bahagian Pembangunan Kurikulum

Bahagian Pembangunan Kurikulum

Bahagian Pembangunan Kurikulum

Yang ini pula?

Bahagian Pembangunan Kurikulum

RENUNGAN:
TO IMPROVE IS TO CHANGE.
AND TO BE PERFECT IS TO CHANGE
OFTEN

24

Bahagian Pembangunan Kurikulum

25

Bahagian Pembangunan Kurikulum

 Ujian pemikiran Pada pagi hari

ini

Z
Bahagian Pembangunan Kurikulum

Which Shape do you think

repsents your self TODAY ?
A
good
organiser,
practical,
hardworking, self dicipline person
A genious, imaginative and intelligent
person

An objective person with leadership

quality

A person who think about sex all the

time.
Bahagian Pembangunan Kurikulum

Bahagian Pembangunan Kurikulum

29

Bahagian Pembangunan Kurikulum