Digital Map Data

from Vehicle Probes

Yuka Gomi
Ygomi LLC
August 7, 2001

Vehicle Usage of Map Data

Established uses
Vehicle navigation using a CD, DVD or other media
Emergency roadside assistance
Off-board telematics services

Emerging uses (this decade)

Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS)
Traffic - aware dynamic route guidance
Situational awareness for driver workload

Eventual uses (next decade)

Active safety products
Collision avoidance
Road departure prevention
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ADAS Applications That Will Use Map Data

Adaptive Cruise Control

Adaptive Light Control
Night Vision
Transmission Assistance
Intersection Collision Warning
Lane/Road Departure Detection and Warning
Front and Rear Collision Warning
Braking and Stability Control Assistance
Increase Fuel Efficiency

Page 3

Digital Maps for ADAS

Digital maps will play a major role in ADAS
Comprehensive view of possible paths
View of desired path according to
Programmed route from the navigation system
Inference from driver indications
Driver intent input to sensors

Knowledge of road conditions ahead

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What Map Data will Bring

Prediction Capability
Preview of up-coming curves beyond the drivers line of
sight
Curve shape
Curve direction and radius
Potential maneuvers and decision making points
(e.g., intersections)

Road characteristics and special attributes

Road type (highway, highway ramp, local roads, etc.)
Lane number, width, and type, speed limit, road grade, etc.

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Situational Awareness (1)

Database provides a picture of the road ahead relative to vehicle location

Busy / dangerous intersections

Page 6

Predicts lane changes & merges

Situational Awareness (2)

Map data provides a picture of the road ahead to help
understand the type of driving environment and level of
attention required by the driver currently and in the next
minute.
Analysis and continuous monitoring of the vehicles
environment provides an understanding of what the driver is
doing and should be doing. This information provides priorities
for vehicle functions in situations where the driver might be
surprised or over his/her task management ability .
What is the driver doing besides driving (e.g., talking on the phone,
receiving directions, listening to the radio)?
What are the conditions that the driver is facing (e.g., wet pavement,
rain, darkness, winding roads, hills, fog)?
What are the impending conditions that will be added to the drivers
workload (e.g., hidden intersection, stop and go traffic, complex exit)?
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Situational Awareness (3)

Map data and information from monitoring the
driving environment can be combined to
dynamically determine
Is the driver in hectic stop and go traffic with many cars
cutting in and out of the lane or in a low pressure
country road driving the speed limit?
Is the driver entering or exiting an expressway or about
to merge on a busy road?
What is the driver doing and how much more can
she/he handle?
Should an incoming cellular call be held for a few
seconds until the driver is through the upcoming
interchange merge?
Page 8

Situational Awareness (4)

All on-board functions must interrelate via the vehicle
network
Communication between functions is essential for a
comprehensive understanding of the road situation to allow
Simple human interfaces
Straightforward request entry
Easy to use answers

Safe human interfaces

Prevent email use when the driver is exceeding a safe speed
Defer phone ringing as the driver is negotiating an icy turn
Careful integration of functions ensure that the driver has attention
capacity left to spend on safe driving

Result is a situationally aware vehicle

Can control demands on the driver
Can regulate the drivers use of information, entertainment,
telematics, phone, etc.
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What the Vehicle Sees

Merging traffic on
entrance ramp

Left lane of
3 lane road

Traffic incident
middle lane

Hidden
intersection

Reduce speed to
50 kph ahead

124m: left curve

375 m ahead

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Sample Of Predictive Map Capabilities

radius

seg01

seg02

seg03

seg04

Stop

Start&End Points

seg09

Node A

seg11

Tunnel
seg08

seg10

seg12

seg07

Change of
number of lanes

Bridge

seg14
seg06

30
seg13
seg15

50
seg05

Nodes
Shape points

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Forest

Electronic horizon

Start&End Points

Road Preview and Path Prediction (1)

Map data enables vehicle applications to preview
the road ahead
Configuration of the road (e.g., curvature and curve
radius)
Attributes along the road (e.g., speed limits)
Future predicted position of the vehicle

Map data and centimeter accurate positioning

allow vehicle applications to
Use upcoming road conditions
Calculate data relevant to vehicle functions
Optimize performance in various road situations

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Road Preview and Path Prediction (2)

Knowledge of the vehicles current and near future
situation can allow the vehicle to prevent
accidents:

Page 13

Intersection collision avoidance

Forward collision avoidance
Lane departure prevention
Road departure prevention

Technology Trends
Map data collection technology enhancements by
using probe data from vehicles
Improved location accuracy and reliability
Improved reliability of data at a reduced cost

Vehicle technology enhancements

Improved sensing capabilities
Improved vision capabilities for extraction of accurate
data from road scenes

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Data Feedback Loop for Updating

Probe data operations will handle

map data exceptions generated by
vehicles

Updates are applied to the data as

part of core data collection when
validated
Direct access to the most up to date
data available

Probe Data
Operations

Map updates

Raw data
feedback

Location
Based
Services
Provider

Qualified,
updated
map data and
location based
content

Vehicle as a
data probe
Page 15

Automotiv
e
Service
Provider

Content
Suppliers

Data Feedback Loop

Vehicles as probes leads to
Current, highly accurate data
Increased reliability
Data that can be gold plated

Vehicles as probes results in

Continual improvement in data reliability
Increase in content
Evolution of dynamic data for active safety functions

Page 16

Consortium Activities

Next Map

(European Project) - Started January 2000

Project purpose is to evaluate the technical and

commercial feasibility of enhanced map data for safety
applications.
Vehicle manufacturer partners: BMW, DaimlerChrysler,
Fiat, Jaguar, Renault

Enhanced Digital Map (EDMap)

(USDOT sponsored IVI Project) - Started April 2001

Project purpose is to determine safety application

performance improvements and extensions using
enhanced map data.
Vehicle manufacturer partners: DaimlerChrysler, GM,
Ford, Toyota
Page 17

Conclusions
Usage of map data is moving beyond
navigation.
ADAS applications are part of this trend.
Safety applications will require a central map
server for timely creation and delivery of map
and location based data updates.
The need for up-to-date road network data
requires the use of vehicles as probes.
Situational awareness can provide data relevant
to driver workload.
Vehicle manufacturers will have complete,
accurate map data.
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The Vehicle Manufacturers Will Know

Road usage
Current traffic
Predictions

Road geometry for every road

Precision to a few centimeters

Lane configuration
Road edge
Shoulder

Road conditions for every road

Pavement status
Detailed by lane, shoulder, edge
Change
Failures and damage

Surface (icy, slippery)

Micro weather
Temperature
Precipitation

Road furniture for every road

Every sign
Sign removal
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The Future of ITS

Christine M. Johnson

Everyone needs data

!
Precision
Weather
Response

Military -- Cutting
deployment time
from 60 days to 72
hrs.

National Park
Page 21
Management

Growth in
Costal
evacuation
needs
Precision
Medical
Respons
e

Data
Page 22

Themes for reauthorization: Data

From Spots of
data

To a nationwide
network of data

Page 23

A Public Private Partnership

Data Available Nationally From Vehicle

Manufacturers in Ten Years
No infrastructure
Can be made available through a public private
partnership with DOT
Can be used for

Page 24

Traffic management
Maintenance
Response
Planning