1.

6 Measuring Tools
Definition of Length
 Length
is the distance
Units of Length
between two points
 Forms of length :
thickness, height,
 Long distance – km
depth and breadth
 Short distance – cm ,mm
 S.I. unit length – m
 1. Tools to measure length
Tools for measuring Uses accuracy
length

1. Metre rule to measure the length of 0.1 cm

short straight lines
2. Measuring to measure the length of
tape long straight lines

3. Thread and to measure the length of

metre rule a curved line
 1. Tools to measure length
Tools for measuring Uses accuracy
length

4. External to measure the external

calipers diameter of a sphere or
cylindrical object

5. Internal to measure the internal

calipers diameter of a cylindrical
object
 1. Tools to measure length
Tools for measuring Uses accuracy
length

6. opisometer to measure the length of 0.1cm

a curved line
7. Vernier Very short lengths 0.01 cm
calipers
2. Measuring area
Area is a two-dimensional ………..
Unit of area cm2, m2, km2
S.I unit for area ……………
1. Method 1 – estimating by graph

i- triangle is regular shape

Figure page 28 Number of squares counted=
Area of each square=

Estimated area of the shape=

ii- bubble is irregular shape
Figure page 28 Number of squares counted=

Area of each square=

Estimated area of the shape=

The method is as follows:
• Trace the shapes onto the graph paper with a pencil.
• Count the number of complete squares covered by the
shape.

• An incomplete square is counted if half or more of the

square is covered.

• Do not count an incomplete square if less than half of the

square is covered.
2. Measuring area
Method 2 – estimating area by formula for regular
shape only
Figure page 28 Area of triangle= ½ x b x h
=½x6x4
= 12 cm 2
2. Measuring area
Figure bulatan Area of circle=
dengan jejari 2 cm = πr2
= π x 2 cm x 2 cm
= 12.6 cm2

Figure trapezium Area of trapezium=

= ½ (a + b) x h
3. Measuring volume
 Volume is three-dimensional space occupied by
an object
 Unit for volume mm3,cm3, m3
 volume of a liquid usually in litres (l) or millilitres
(ml). 1 l = 1000 ml
 S.l. unit volume is cubic metre (m3).
3. Measuring volume of liquid
Tools for measuring Uses accuracy
volume

1. Measuring to measure the volume of

cylinder liquids

2. Burette to measure a small 0.1 cm3

volume of liquids
accurately
3. Measuring volume of liquid
Tools for measuring Uses accuracy
volume of liquid

3. Pipette to measure a fixed volume 0.1 cm3

of liquids accurately

4. Suction Use a suction pump to

pump suck liquid into a pipette.
Do not use mouth.
3. Measuring volume of solid
1. METHOD 1 - volume of small irregular objects can be
determined by the displacement method using a
measuring cylinder
3. Measuring volume of solid

Water displacement method using measuring cylinder

i. The volume of the stone = __________ cm3

ii. The volume of 2 corks = __________ cm3
iii. The volume of 1 cork = __________ cm3
3. Measuring volume of solid

2. METHOD 2- volume of larger irregular

objects can be measured using a large
displacement can or Eureka can
3. Measuring volume of solid
i. Fill the displacement can with water. Let the excess water
drain away until it settles at the spout
ii. Place an empty measuring cylinder below the spout to
capture the water displaced by the volume of the object
lowered into the can. Read the volume of water in the
measuring cylinder.
3. Measuring volume of solid
3. METHOD 3 - volume of some objects with
regular shape can be calculated using the
formulae
Shape Formula for volume
1. Cuboid
V= l x b x h
3. Measuring volume of solid
Shape Formula for volume
2. Cylinder
V = πr2h

3. Sphere
V = 4/3 πr3
3. Measuring volume
Shape Formula for volume
4. Cone
V = 1/3 πr2h