RAID

• RAID means Redundant Arrays of

Independent Disk.
• RAID is a method of storing data across
several disks to provide greater
performance and redundancy.
• In effect, you can have several hard disks
treated as just as one hard disk by your
operating system.
 Types of RAID
• RAID can be implemented on a

• Hardware level

or

• Software level
 Hardware RAID

• On a hardware level, you can have hard

disk connected to a RAID controller,

usually a special PC card.

• Your operating system can accesses

storage though the RAID hardware

controller.
 Software RAID

• You can implement RAID as software

controller, letting a software RAID controller
program.

• The controller program manage access to

hard disks treated as RAID device.

• The software version lets you use IDE hard

disks as RAID disk.
 Software RAID Levels
RAID levels Capabilities Description

Linear Appending Simply treat RAID hard drives as one virtual

drive with no striping, mirroring.

0 Striping Implements disk stripping across drives with

no redundancy.

1 Mirroring Implements a high level of redundancy. Each

drive is treated as mirror for all data.

5 Distributed Parity Implements data reconstruction capability

using parity information. Parity information is
distributed across all drives.
Raid Configuration

Here we see each raid

Itsmajor
disk show & theminor
raid disk
status (weather
no. . raid disk
active or not active ).
Raid Configuration

Here you can see mdadm –

detail command show disk
/dev/hda9 is active.
RAID

rpm -q command checks,

whether the mdadm installed
RAID

The partition is created

using fdisk command.

Now the screen lists the

partitions.
 Raid
Configuration

TheNow
partition is created
the screen lists the
using fdisk command.
partitions.
 Raid
Configuration
4 Partitions is created
using n option with
equal size of 100 mb
 Raid
Configuration
Now use ‘p’ to check
created partitions.

The l option, lists the file

system. The fd denotes linux
raid
 Raid
Configuration

The l option, lists the file

system. The fd denotes linux
raid
 Raid
Configuration
To set the partition type
use t options.
 Raid
Configuration
Option p lists the partition
id and show the changes.
 Raid
Configuration

We save the raid

partition through w
option.

Previous versions of redhat

needed to restart system after
creating partition. In current
version to avoid restart we use
partprobe.
 Raid
Configuration

Using mdadm tool creating raid

level 5 it use four partition
/dev/hda6,7,8&9 and creating raid
device is /dev/md0.
 Raid
Configuration

Watch command shows

the online status of raid
devices.
 Raid
Configuration

Here we see status of

each raid disk.
 Raid
Configuration

Creating ext3 file system for

raid device /dev/md0 using
mke2fs command.
 Raid
Configuration

Here we see the ext3

file system is created.
 Raid
Configuration

mdadm –detail command

show the detail
information about the raid
devices.
 Raid
Configuration

Now raid device

(/dev/md0) is mounted
on /data directory.
 Raid
Configuration

Now raid device (/dev/md0) is

mounted on /data directory in
/etc/fstab file for permanently.
 Raid
Configuration

Now go to /data directory

and create the file name
is file1 using dd
command.

df command show free &

used space for the raid
devices & partitions.
 Raid
Configuration

Mdadm –query command

show the information about
particular raid device &
partitions.
 Raid
Configuration
 Raid
Configuration

Mdadm – manage command

set fault or fail particular
partitions (/dev/hda9).
Cat /proc/mdstat command
show disk the disk is failed.
 Raid
Configuration

Here see mdadm –detail

command show disk
/dev/hda9 is faulty.
 Raid
Configuration

Now remove the /dev/hda9

partition from the raid device
/dev/md0 using Mdadm –
manage command .
 Raid
Configuration

Here you can see mdadm –

detail command show disk
/dev/hda9 is removed.
 Raid
Configuration

Now add the /dev/hda9

partition from the raid device
/dev/md0 using Mdadm –
manage command .
 Raid
Configuration

Watch command shows

the online status of raid
devices.
 Raid
Configuration

Here we can see the status of

online synchronization of raid
disks.
 Raid
Configuration

Now the faulty disk is

replaced and we can
see the data.