CHAPTER 6

Understanding the CME Dial-Plan

Analog Voice Port Configuration:

Foreign Exchange Station Ports (FXS): Used to connect analog
devices such as analog phones, fax machines or modems to the
router.
Foreign Exchange Office Ports (FXO): Used to connect to the
PSTN central office (CO) or a Private Branch Exchange (PBX)

Use the Router#show voice port summary

Analog Voice Port Configuration:

Configure FXS:

Signaling
Caller ID information
Call progress tone

Analog Voice Port Configuration:

Configure FXO:

Dial-type
Ring number (rings before answering)

Digital Voice Port Configuration:

T1 or E1 Voice and WAN Interface Cards (VWIC)
Must be configured before using (unlike FXO or FXS)
Can use Channel Associated Signaling (CAS)
Can also use Common Channel Signaling (CCS)

Router(config)#controller t1 1/0
Router(config-controller)#framing esf
Router(config-controller)#clock source line
NOTE: Better to use line clocking provided from PSTN or provider
Router(config-controller)#ds0-group 1 timeslots 1-24 type fxo-loop-start

Digital Voice Port Configuration:

Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) Primary
Rate Interface (PRI)
Uses Chanel Associated Signaling (CAS)

Router(config)#isdn switch-type primary-5ess

Router(config)#controller t1 1/0
Router(config-controller)#pri-group timeslots 1-24
Router(config-controller)#show voice port summary

Configuring Dial Peers:

POTS dial peer: Used to define voice reachability
information for any traditional (analog) connection
VoIP dial peer: Used to define any voice connection
available through IP addressing

Call Legs:
Any voice connection too or from a voice port or
connection or voice device

Call
Call
Call
Call

Leg
Leg
Leg
Leg

1:
2:
3:
4:

The
The
The
The

incoming
outgoing
incoming
outgoing

POTS call leg from x1101 on CME_A

VoIP call leg from CME_A to ROUTER_B
VoIP call leg on ROUTER_B from CME_A
POTS call leg to x2510 from ROUTER_B

Configuring POTS Dial Peers for FXS Ports:

CME_A(config)#dial-peer voice 1101 pots
CME_A(config-dial-peer)#destination-pattern 1101
CME_A(config-dial-peer)#port 0/0/0
CME_A(config-dial-peer)#exit
CME_A(config)#dial-peer voice 1102 pots
CME_A(config-dial-peer)#destination-pattern 1102
CME_A(config-dial-peer)#port 0/0/1

Configuring Dial Peers:

Router#show dial-peer voice summary

Configuring POTS Dial Peer for T1:

Router_B(config)#dial-peer voice 2000 pots
Router_B(config-dial-peer)#destination-pattern 2
Router_B(config-dial-peer)#no digit-strip
Router_B(config-dial-peer)#port 1/0:23

Configuring VoIP Dial Peer:

CME_A(config)#dial-peer voice 2000 voip
CME_A(config-dial-peer)#destination-pattern 2
CME_A(config-dial-peer)#session target ipv4:10.1.1.2
CME_A(config-dial-peer)#codec g711ulaw
If the configured codec does not match the opposite end then the call
will fail. The default codec is G.729
Router_B(config)#dial-peer voice 1000 voip
Router_B(config-dial-peer)#destination-pattern 1
Router_B(config-dial-peer)#session target ipv4:10.1.1.1
Router_B(config-dial-peer)#codec g711ulaw

Using Dial-Peer Wildcards:

Period (.): Will match any digit
Plus(+): matches one or more instances of the preceding digits
Brackets ([]): Matches a range of digits
T: matches any dialed number from 0-32 digits
Carrot (^): Does not match
Comma (,): Inserts a one-second pause between dialed digits
Example:
555[1-3]

5+23
[14-6]555
55[59]12
[^1-7]..[135]

Matches: 5551, 5552, 5553 (Where is

any three digits)
Matches 5523, 55523, 55523
Matches 1555, 4555, 5555, 6555
Matches 55512, 55912
Matches 8..1, 8..3, 8..5, 9..1, 9..3, 9..5
(Where is any two digits)

Digit Manipulation:

Digit Manipulation Problem:

Digit Manipulation Problem Answer:

North American Dial Plan:

[2-9]
[2-9]..[2-9]
1[2-9]..[2-9]
[469]11
011T

Used
Used
Used
Used
Used

for
for
for
for
for

7-digit dialing
10-digit dialing
11-digit dialing
service numbers
international dialing

North American Dial Plan:

Router(config)#dial-peer voice 90 pots
Router(config-dial-peer)#description Service Dialing
Router(config-dial-peer)#destination-pattern 9[469]11
Router(config-dial-peer)#forward-digits 3
Router(config-dial-peer)#port 1/0:1
Router(config-dial-peer)#dial-peer voice 91 pots
Router(config-dial-peer)#description 10-Digit Dialing
Router(config-dial-peer)#destination-pattern 9[2-9]..[2-9]
Router(config-dial-peer)#forward-digits 10
Router(config-dial-peer)#port 1/0:1
Router(config-dial-peer)#dial-peer voice 92 pots
Router(config-dial-peer)#description 11-Digit Dialing
Router(config-dial-peer)#destination-pattern 91[2-9]..[2-9]
Router(config-dial-peer)#forward-digits 11
Router(config-dial-peer)#port 1/0:1
Router(config-dial-peer)#dial-peer voice 93 pots
Router(config-dial-peer)#description International Dialing
Router(config-dial-peer)#destination-pattern 9011T
Router(config-dial-peer)#prefix 011
Router(config-dial-peer)#port 1/0:1

Private Line Automatic Ringdown (PLAR):

Router(config)#voice-port 2/0/0
Router(config-voiceport)#connection plar 1500
Router(config-voiceport)#voice-port 2/0/1
Router(config-voiceport)#connection plar 1500

Call Processing:
Most specific pattern wins
Once a match is found the call is processed
Router(config)#dial-peer voice 1 voip
Router(config-dial-peer)#destination-pattern 555[1-3]
Router(config-dial-peer)#session target ipv4:10.1.1.1
Router(config-dial-peer)#dial-peer voice 2 voip
Router(config-dial-peer)#destination-pattern 5551
Router(config-dial-peer)#session target ipv4:10.1.1.2
If a user dials 5551234 dial-peer 2 will be used because it is a more
specific match

Call Processing:
Most specific pattern wins
Once a match is found the call is processed
Router(config)#dial-peer voice 1 voip
Router(config-dial-peer)#destination-pattern 555[1-3]
Router(config-dial-peer)#session target ipv4:10.1.1.1
Router(config-dial-peer)#dial-peer voice 2 voip
Router(config-dial-peer)#destination-pattern 5551
Router(config-dial-peer)#session target ipv4:10.1.1.2
Router(config-dial-peer)#dial-peer voice 3 voip
Router(config-dial-peer)#destination-pattern 5551
Router(config-dial-peer)#session target ipv4:10.1.1.3

If a user dials 5551234 dial-peer 3 will be used because it is a more

specific match. Router will drop the last three digits and only route the
5551 (Useful for emergency calls)

Matching Inbound and Outbound Dial Peers:

1. Match the dialed number (DNIS) using the incoming called

number dial peer
2. Match the called ID information (ANI) using the answer-address
dial-peer configuration
3. Match the caller ID information (ANI) using the destinationpattern dial-peer configuration
4. Match an incoming POTS dial peer by using the port dial-peer
configuration
5. If no match has been found using the previous four methods, use
dial peer 0

Call Leg 1:

1.(No Match) 2510 The dialed number does not match an incoming
called-number dial peer

2.(No Match) x1101 Caller ID information (ANI) does not match the
answer-address dial peer configuration on CME_A
3.(No Match) x1101 Caller ID information (ANI) does not match the
destination-pattern dial peer configuration on CME_A
4.(Match) x1101 comes in FXS port 1/0/0 which matches an incoming POTS
dial peer on CME_A by using the port dial peer configuration command

Call Leg 3:

1.(No Match) 2510 The dialed number does not match an incoming
called-number dial peer on ROUTER_B

2.(No Match) x1101 Caller ID information (ANI) does not match the
answer-address dial peer configuration on ROUTER_B
3.(Match) x1101 Caller ID information (ANI) does match the destinationpattern dial peer configuration command for the VoIP dial peer 1101 on
ROUTER_B

Call Leg 4:

1.(No Match) 2510 The called number does not match an incoming
called number

2.(No Match) x1101 Caller ID information (ANI) does not match the
answer-address dial peer configuration on ROUTER_B
3.(No Match) x1101 Caller ID information (ANI) does not match the
destination-pattern dial peer configuration
4.(No Match) x1101 did not come into a POTS interface (FXS, FXO, E&M,
Voice BRI/T1/E1 digital interface that could be matched using the port
command. It came via VoIP
5.(Match) Because ROUTER_B could not find a match it will use dial peer 0

Dial Peer 0:
Default Dial Peer
Uses any voice codec (Not hard coded)
No DTMF relay: DTMF relay sends dial tones outside of
the audio stream
IP Precedence 0: Strips all QoS markings. Calls will now
be sent as if they were normal data
Voice Activity Detection (VAD) enabled: Allows bandwidth
savings by not transmitting dead time
No Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP) support: The
router will not reserve end-to-end bandwidth
Fax-rate voice: The router will limit fax bandwidth to
that of the VoIP codec. Can devastate fax calls
No application support: calls cannot be referred to outside
applications
No Direct Inward Dial (DID) support: Cannot use the DID
feature to forward calls to an internal device from an PSTN
source

Digit Manipulation:
prefix digits: Allows for digits to be added to be specified
forward-digits number: Allows for the number of digits that will
be forwarded
[no] digit-strip: Enables (default) or disables digit stripping
num-exp: Transforms any number dialed that matches pattern.
Example: num-exp 4 5
Call 4321 converted to 5321
Example: num-exp 0 5000
Call 0 converted to 5000
voice translation profile: Allows a translation profile of up to 15
rules to be transform the number

POTS Failover:
If the VoIP network fails, the phone system should
automatically switch to the POTS system

POTS Failover Configuration:

Arizona(config)#dial-peer voice 10 voip
Arizona(config-dial-peer)#destination-pattern 6
Arizona(config-dial-peer)#session target ipv4:10.1.1.2
Arizona(config-dial-peer)#preference 0
Arizona(config-dial-peer)#dial-peer voice 11 pots
Arizona(config-dial-peer)#destination pattern 6
Arizona(config-dial-peer)#port 1/0:1
Arizona(config-dial-peer)#preference 1
Arizona(config-dial-peer)#no digit-strip
Arizona(config-dial-peer)#prefix 1512555
Texas(config)#dial-peer voice 10 voip
Texas(config-dial-peer)#destination-pattern 5
Texas(config-dial-peer)#session target ipv4:10.1.1.1
Texas(config-dial-peer)#preference 0
Texas(config-dial-peer)#dial-peer voice 11 pots
Texas(config-dial-peer)#destination pattern 5
Texas(config-dial-peer)#port 1/0:1
Texas(config-dial-peer)#preference 1
Texas(config-dial-peer)#no digit-strip
Texas(config-dial-peer)#prefix 1480555

Using num-exp to Transform numbers:

Router(config)#voice-port 1/0/1
Router(config-voiceport)#connection plar 0
Router(config-voiceport)#exit
Router(config)#num-exp 0 5000

Connects any dialed 0, to the receptionist within the company at

extension 5000

POTS Lines for Emergency Calls:

Remote_RTR(config)#dial-peer voice 10 pots
Remote_RTR(config-dial-peer)#destination-pattern 911
Remote_RTR(config-dial-peer)#port 1/0/0
Remote_RTR(config-dial-peer)#no digit strip
Remote_RTR(config-dial-peer)#dial-peer voice 11 pots
Remote_RTR(config-dial-peer)#destination pattern 9911
Remote_RTR(config-dial-peer)#port 1/0/0
Remote_RTR(config-dial-peer)#forward-digits 3
Remote_RTR(config-dial-peer)#dial-peer voice 12 pots
Remote_RTR(config-dial-peer)#destination pattern 911
Remote_RTR(config-dial-peer)#port 1/0/1
Remote_RTR(config-dial-peer)#no digit-strip
Remote_RTR(config-dial-peer)#dial-peer voice 13 pots
Remote_RTR(config-dial-peer)#destination pattern 9911
Remote_RTR(config-dial-peer)#port 1/0/1
Remote_RTR(config-dial-peer)#forward-digits 3

POTS Lines for Emergency Calls:

Translation Rule:
Define the rules that dictate how the router will transform
the number
Associate the rules to a profile
Associate the profile to a dial peer
Format: rule 1 /match/ /set/

Router(config)#voice translation-rule 1
Router(config-translation-rule)#rule 1 /6/ /5/
Match the number 6 and replace with a 5

Translation Profile:
Define the rules that dictate how the router will transform
the number
Associate the rules to a profile
Associate the profile to a dial peer

Router(config)#voice translation-profile CHANGE_DID

Router(config-translation-profile)#translate called 1
Router(config-translation-profile)#dial-peer voice 100 pots
Router(config)#dial-peer voice 100 pots
Router(config-dial-peer)#translation-profile incoming CHANGE_DID

Translation Profile:

Translation Order:

Applied 1st

num-exp

Applied 2nd

Automatic digit strip

(POTS dial peers)

Applied 3rd

Voice translation profiles

Applied 4th

Prefix digits

Applied 5th

forward-digits

Class of Restriction (COR):

Prevent employees from making international calls but allow
management
Block high cost numbers such as 1-900
Prevent certain internal phones from reaching executive office
numbers

Class of Restriction (COR):

Defining COR List Tags
Router(config)#dial-peer cor custom
Router(config-dp-cor)#name 911
Router(config-dp-cor)#name LOCAL
Router(config-dp-cor)#name LD

Create Outgoing COR List

Router(config)#dial-peer cor list 911-CALL
Router(config-dp-corlist)#member 911
Router(config-dp-corlist)#exit
Router(config)#dial-peer cor list LOCAL-CALL
Router(config-dp-corlist)#member LOCAL
Router(config-dp-corlist)#exit
Router(config)#dial-peer cor list LD-CALL
Router(config-dp-corlist)#member LD
Router(config-dp-corlist)#exit

Class of Restriction (COR):

Defining Incoming COR Lists
Router(config)#dial-peer cor list 911-ONLY
Router(config-dp-corlist)#member 911
Router(config-dp-corlist)#exit
Router(config)#dial-peer cor list 911-LOCAL
Router(config-dp-corlist)#member 911
Router(config-dp-corlist)#member LOCAL
Router(config-dp-corlist)#exit
Router(config)#dial-peer cor list 911-LOCAL-LD
Router(config-dp-corlist)#member 911
Router(config-dp-corlist)#member LOCAL
Router(config-dp-corlist)#member LD
Router(config-dp-corlist)#exit

Class of Restriction (COR):

Assigning Outbound and Inbound COR Lists
Router(config)#dial-peer voice 10 pots
Router(config-dial-peer)#corlist outgoing 911-CALL
Router(config-dial-peer)#exit
Router(config)#dial-peer voice 11 pots
Router(config-dial-peer)#corlist outgoing LOCAL-CALL
Router(config-dial-peer)#exit
Router(config)#dial-peer voice 12 pots
Router(config-dial-peer)#corlist outgoing LD-CALL
Router(config-dial-peer)#exit
Router(config)#ephone-dn 1
Router(config-ephone-dn)#corlist incoming 911-ONLY
Router(config-ephone-dn)#exit
Router(config)#ephone-dn 2
Router(config-ephone-dn)#corlist incoming 911-LOCAL
Router(config-ephone-dn)#exit
Router(config)#ephone-dn 3
Router(config-ephone-dn)#corlist incoming 911-LOCAL-LD
Router(config-ephone-dn)#exit

Class of Restriction (COR):

Rules:
If there is no outgoing COR list applied then the call is
always routed
If there is no incoming COR list applied then the call is
always routed

Quality of Service (QoS):

Lack of bandwidth
Delay
Fixed delay
Variable delay
Jitter (delay variations)
Packet loss
Requirements for VoIP and Video
End-to-end delay: 150 mSec or less
Jitter: 30mSec or less
Packet loss: 1% or less
Requirements for Data
Mission-critical applications
Transactional applications
Best-effort applications
Scavenger applications

Quality of Service (QoS) Mechanisms:

Best Effort: Default method used in every network. No QoS
mechanism is used.
Integrated Services (IntServ): Works through a system of
reservations reserving bandwidth for applications through the
Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP). Provides guaranteed
bandwidth. Not scalable
Differentiated Services (DiffServ): Most popular as it
classifies traffic and places the traffic into cues with almost
guaranteed bandwidth. Most used method.

Quality of Service (QoS) Mechanisms:

Classification and Marking

Congestion Management
Congestion Avoidance
Policing and Shaping
Link Efficiency
Payload Compression
Header Compression
Link Fragmentation and Interleaving (LFI)

Quality of Service (QoS) Mechanisms:

Queuing Algorithms
Weighted Fair Queuing (WQF); Balance bandwidth among
all.
Class-Based Weighted Fair Queuing (CBWFQ): Sets
classes and assigns bandwidth
Low Latency Queuing (LLQ): Adds priority to CBWFQ

Cisco AutoQoS:
Automated system by Cisco
Easy to implement
Reduces the time of deployment
Provides configuration consistency
Reduces deployment cost
Allows for manual tuning
First establish a Trust Boundary
AutoQoS uses Cisco Discovery protocol (CDP) so do not disable
on connections that need it!

Cisco AutoQoS Example:

Serial links must have the bandwidth command configured!

Cisco AutoQoS Configuration Example:

Voice_Switch(config)#interface fa0/3
Voice_Switchr(config-if)#auto qos voip cisco-phone

Cisco AutoQoS Configuration Example:

Router(config)#interface fa0/1
Router(config-if)#auto qos voip trust

Cisco AutoQoS Configuration:

Voice_Switch(config)#interface fa0/3
Voice_Switch(config-if)#description Cisco Phone
Voice_Switch(config-if)#auto qos voip cisco-phone
Voice_Switch(config-if)#interface fa0/1
Voice_Switch(config-if)#description Switch Router Uplink
Voice_Switch(config-if)#auto qos voip trust
Router(config)#interface fa0/0
Router(config-if)#auto qos voip trust

Cisco AutoQoS Configuration:

auto qos voip: Enable AutoQoS without trusting any markings.
Router will remark all traffic types
auto qos voip trust: Enable AotoQoS trusting any existing
markings
auto qos voip cisco-phone: Switch only! Enables AotoQoS and will
trust any existing markings only if CDP detects a Cisco phone
attached
auto qos voip cisco-softphone: Switch only! Enables AutoQoS
and will trust any existing markings if CDP detects a Cisco
Softphone (IP Communicator)

New version of AutoQoS is auto discovery! Auto discovery

allows the router to monitor the traffic for an indefinite period
and record traffic patterns and generate a QoS policy that can
be applied

End of Chapter 6