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ARISTOTLE, GALILEO AND

NEWTON AND NEWTONS


LAWS OF MOTION

384 BC 322 BC
Ancient Greece

One of the first to try to


explain the natural world
Geocentric view of the
universe
Ideas based on
observations that seemed
to be true

1564 1642
Italy

Perhaps the first true


scientist.
Rolled and dropped
objects to discover
the true aspects of
motion

1642-1727
England

Developed laws for


motion and gravity
that explain why
objects move, and
worked with optics

3.1 Aristotle on Motion


Natural motion on Earth was thought to be either
straight up or straight down.
Objects seek their natural resting places:
boulders on the ground and smoke high in the
air like the clouds.
Heavy things fall and very light things rise.
Circular motion was natural for the heavens.
These motions were considered naturalnot
caused by forces.

3.3 Galileo on Motion


One of Galileos great contributions to physics was
demolishing the notion that a force is necessary to keep
an object moving.
In other words, no push or pull would be required to keep
it moving once it is set in motion.\
Galileo also stated that this tendency of a moving body to
keep moving is natural and that every material object
resists changes to its state of motion.
The property of a body to resist changes to its state of
motion is called inertia.

Newtons Laws of Motion are part of his theory of motion


Universally applied
Can be used to predict motion
Synthesizes previous testing and findings
Attempts to explain why

3.1 Aristotle on Motion


1. Objects do not move without a force.
2. Objects in motion always require a force to keep
them moving.
3. Objects seek their natural state, which is at rest.
4. Mechanical equilibrium can only be static.

3.1 Galileo and Newton on Motion


1. Objects do not change motion without
unbalanced force.
2. Objects in motion do not always require a force
to keep them moving.
3. Objects have two natural states of motion, at
rest (static equilibrium) and moving at a
constant speed and direction (dynamic
equilibrium).

Simply put, things


tend to keep on
doing what theyre
already doing.

3.4 Newtons Law of Inertia


Is a force required to keep an object moving?
Newtons first law, usually called the law of inertia, is
a restatement of Galileos idea that a force is not needed
to keep an object moving.
Galileo argued that only when friction is present is a force
needed to keep an object moving.
Galileo stated that if friction were entirely absent, a ball
moving horizontally would move forever at the same
speed and in the same direction (at a constant velocity).

3.4 Newtons Law of Inertia


The law of inertia provides a completely
different way of viewing motion from
the ancients.
Objects continue to move by
themselves.
Forces are needed to overcome
any friction that may be present
and to set objects in motion
initially.
Once the object is moving in a
force-free environment, it will
move in a straight line indefinitely.

IN A PARAGRAPH, REFLECT ON THE


MEANING OF THIS CARTOON

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