TIDAL ENERGY

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Advantages of Tidal Energy

1) It is an inexhaustible source of energy.
2) Tidal energy is environment friendly energy and
doesn't produce greenhouse gases.
3) As 71% of Earths surface is covered by water,
there is scope to generate this energy on large scale.
4) We can predict the rise and fall of tides as they
follow cyclic fashion.
5) Efficiency of tidal power is far greater as compared
to coal, solar or wind energy. Its efficiency is around
80%.
6) Although cost of construction of tidal power is high
but maintenance costs are relatively low.
7) Tidal Energy doesnt require any kind of fuel to run.
8) The life of tidal energy power plant is very long.
9) The energy density of tidal energy is relatively
higher than other renewable
energy sources. Footer text here
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Disadvantages of Tidal Energy

1) Cost of construction of tidal power plant is high.
2) There are very few ideal locations for construction
of plant and they too are localized to coastal regions
only.
3) Intensity of sea waves is unpredictable and there
can be damage to power generation units.
4) Influences aquatic life adversely and can disrupt
migration of fish.
5) The actual generation is for a short period of time.
The tides only happen twice a day so electricity can
be produced only for that time.
6) Frozen sea, low or weak tides, straight shorelines,
low tidal rise or fall are some of the obstructions.
7) Usually the places where tidal energy is produced
are far away from the places where it is consumed.
This transmission is expensive
and difficult. Footer text here
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Origin and nature of tidal

energy

The Low Tide

The High Tide

History

First tidal Power

Plant was built by
General De-Gaulle at
La Rance in 1966.

Generates 240MW.

The average tidal

range is 8.4m .

The maximum range

is 13.5m.

Basic Principle of Tidal

Power

Components of Tidal Power

Plant
There are Three main Components:

1.The Power House.

2.The Dam or Barrage.
3.Sluice-ways from the basin to
the sea and Vice Versa

The Power House

DAM or BARRAGE

Sluice-ways

Operation methods of utilization of

Tidal Energy

1.Single Basin arrangement

2.Double Basin arrangement

Simple single Basin Tidal

System

Single ebb-cycle system

Single tide cycle system

Double Cycle System

Single Basin Scheme: This scheme has one

barrage and one water storage basin, one way
system, the incoming tide is allowed to fill the basin
through sluice ways during the tide and the
impounded water is used to generate electricity by
letting the water flow from basin to the sea through
the turbines during single basin schemes is
intermittent generation power.

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TIDAL POWER
Tidal power works rather like a hydro-electric scheme,
except that the dam is much bigger.
A huge dam (called a "barrage") is built across a river
estuary. When the tide goes in and out, the water flows
through tunnels in the dam.
Only around 20 sites in the world have been identified
as possible tidal power stations.

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Tidal Energy
Tidal power, also called tidal energy, is a
form of hydropower that converts the energy of
tides into useful forms of power - mainly
electricity.
Tides are the waves caused due to the
gravitational pull of the moon and also
sun(though its pull is very low).
During high tide, the water flows into the dam
and during low tide, water flows out which
result in turning the turbine.
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n tides are the periodic rise and fall of ocean water level
rs twice in each lunar day.

ng one lunar day (24.83 H) the ocean water level rises twice
all twice.

interval between a consecutive low tide and high tide is

7 hrs.

range is the difference between the consecutive high tide

ow tide.

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Double Basin Scheme: In the double basin scheme,

there are two basins on the landward side with the
powerhouse located at the interconnecting waterway
between the two basins
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THE TIDAL BARRAGE

Its a huge dam built across a river estuary. When the
tide goes in and out, the water flows through tunnels in
the dam.

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idal range has to be in excess of 5 meters for tidal power to be feasible .

The purpose of this dam or barrage is to let water flow
through it into the basin as the tide comes in. As the tide
recedes, gates in the barrage that contain turbines are opened,
the hydrostatic head causes the water to come through these
gates, driving the turbines and generating power.
Power can be generated in both directions through the
barrage but this can affect efficiency and the economics of the
Components of barrage
project
- Turbines

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Types of TURBINES
1. Bulb turbine
Water flows around the turbine. If maintenance is required then the
water must be stopped which causes a problem and is time
consuming with possible loss of generation.

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2. Rim turbines
When rim turbines are used, the generator is mounted at right
angles to the turbine blades, making access easier. But this type of
turbine is not suitable for pumping and it is difficult to regulate its
performance.

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3. Tubular turbines
The blades of this turbine are connected to a long shaft and are
orientated at an angle so that the generator is sitting on top of the
barrage.
There are only a few commercially operating plants in the world, one
of these is the La Rance barrage in France

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POTENTIAL

Total tidal energy potential worldwide estimated 500 1000

TWh/year

Only a fraction is exploitable owing to economics & other

constraints
Represents 3 7 % of total energy dissipated by tides
Has potential to contribute up to 10 12 % of the total
energy obtained from renewable sources worldwide

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WORLD AT A GLANCE..

The darkened regions shows the potential sites

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POTENTIAL IN INDIA

Two estuaries on the west coast : Gulf of Cambay & Gulf of

Kutch in Gujarat

Gulf of Kutch potential estimated to be 900 MW; annual

output of 1.6 TWh

Potential of Gulf of Cambay : 7000 MW, basin area of 1970

sq-km, annual output of 15 TWh

Along east coast : Sunderbans in West Bengal

20 MW power estimated in regions of Dungaduani,

Belladonna Creek & Pitts Creek

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PLANT LOCATION
Tidal mills built on inlets branching off tidal
estuaries
Average Tidal range : the higher, the better
Feasibility of plant construction & basin
closure
Environmental consequences
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ECONOMICS

Characterized by high capital costs per MW of installed

capacity

High payback period

Annual operation & maintenance costs are typically less

than 0.5 % of initial capital

Possible consumption of power locally & shorter

construction times for small schemes make them more
economic compared to large ones

High capital costs & long construction time make tidal

energy sensitive to discount rates

Non-energy benefits should be taken into account in

assessing potential schemes

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Environmental impact
Local Impact

Turbidity
Volume of water exchanged between the basin and the sea is
lesser, turbidity decreases
Light from the Sun penetrates the water deeper

Salinity
Again as a result of less water exchange with the sea, the
average salinity inside the basin decreases, also affecting the
ecosystem.

Sediment movements
High volume of sediments moving through estuaries rivers
to sea
Barrage in estuary may result in sediment
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accumulation within the barrage

Pollutants

Reduced water volume - pollutants in basin are less

efficiently
dispersed.
Increased bacteria content affects human life

Fish

Fish will seek out turbines and attempt to swim through

them.
Fish mortality per pass is approximately 15% (from pressure
drop,
contact with blades, cavitation, etc.).
Research in sonic guidance of fish is ongoing.

Global environmental impact

A tidal power scheme is a long-term source of electricity.
Severn Barrage is projected to save a million tons of coal
per year
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of operation

SOCIAL IMPLICATIONS:

During the construction of the barrage, human

activity in the area will increase dramatically and
continue to be high till completion. The La Rance tidal
barrage
in France took over 5 years to construct.
The barrage would affect shipping and navigation
and provision would have to be made to allow ships
to
passbay
through
The
would become available for recreation; the

waters would be calmer not immediately after the

barrage but further in towards the land. This would
be another tourist attraction and become a feature of
the area.
The inundation would cause displacement of
people, especially fishermen
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