Values

Concepts, Types and

Formation of Values

Values
Values

represent basic convictions that a specific

mode of conduct is personally or socially
preferable to an opposite mode of conduct.
According to Milton Rokeach,
Values are beliefs that guide actions and
judgments across a variety of situations.

Cont..
Value

determine what people consider to be good

or bad for a civilized society. In relation to
business, social values determine the objectives of
business as well as the manner in which business
affairs should be conducted.
For example- Honest Dealings and Team Building

Features of values
Values

are usually fairly stable, yet they don't have

strict limits or boundaries. Also, as you move
through life, your values may change. For
example, when you start your career, success
measured by money and status might be a top
priority. But after you have a family, work-life
balance may be ,what you value more.

Activity
Step 1: Identify the times when you were happiest
1. Find examples from both your career and personal
life.
Step 2: Identify the times when you were most proud
2. Why were you proud?
3. Did other people share your pride? Who?
4. What other factors contributed to your feelings of
pride?

Cont..
Step 3: Identify the times when you were most fulfilled and
satisfied
1. Again, use both work and personal examples.
2. What need or desire was fulfilled?
3. How and why did that experience give your life meaning?
4. What other factors contributed to your feelings of fulfillment?
Step 4: Determine your top values, based on your experiences
of happiness, pride, and fulfillment
Why is each experience truly important and memorable? Use the
following list of common personal values to help you get started
and aim for about 10 top values. (As you work through, you may
find that some of these naturally combine. For instance, if you
value philanthropy, community, and generosity, you might say
that service to others is one of your top values.)

Cont..
Step 5: Prioritize your top values
This step is probably the most difficult, because
you'll have to look deep inside yourself. It's also the
most important step, because, when making a
decision, you'll have to choose between solutions that
may satisfy different values. This is when you must
know which value is more important to you.

Cont..
Step 6: Reaffirm your values
Check your top-priority values, and make sure they
fit with your life and your vision for yourself.
Do these values make you feel good about
yourself?
Are you proud of your top three values?
Would you be comfortable and proud to tell your
values to people you respect and admire?

Formation of Values
Family
Religion
Peer

Group
Geography
Media
Work-Place
Organizational Factors

Types of Values
Clare Grave (psychologist) believed that people evolved through
levels of psychological existence, He has identified seven values
ranging from lowest (reactive) to highest (existential):
1.Reactive
Unaware of oneself and others as human beings
Reacts to basic physiological needs. An inwardly pointing world
view, dependent on outside support for its survival.
2.Tribalistic
High degree of dependence, strongly influenced by tradition and the
power exercised by authority figures:wants strong directive
leadership.

Types of values
3. Egocentrism: Believes in rugged individualism,
aggressive and selfish, responds primarily to power,
desires individual; responsibilities, wants to work alone
in an entrepreneurial style
4. Conformity: Lower tolerance for ambiguity, difficulty
in accepting people with divergent values, desires
5. Manipulative: Strives to accomplish goals by
manipulating things and people, materialistic,
actively seeks status and recognition

Types of values
6. Sociocentric: Desires to be liked and go along with
others rather than get ahead, dislikes materialism,
manipulation and conformity, seeks primarily the
social relationship which a job provides.
7. Existential: High tolerance for ambiguity and
for people with divergent values, outspoken on
inflexible systems, seeks full expression of
growth

Types of Values
Milton Rokeach has developed the Rokeach Value Survey
(RVS) which consist of two set of value system:
VALUES

Terminal
Values

Instrumen
tal Values

Types of values
Terminal-Is

an ultimate goal or aim of a person, it

might include comfortable life, family security,
sense of accomplishment, self respect, freedom A
Comfortable Life a prosperous life. An Exciting
Life a stimulating, active life
Instrumental -Relates to the means for achieving
the desired outcome or end Obedient dutiful;
respectful Broadminded openminded

Terminal Values
Desirable end-states of
existence; the goals
that a person would
like to achieve during
his or her lifetime.

Instrumental Values
Preferable modes of
behavior or means of
achieving
ones
terminal values.

Thank You!