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___________________________
CHAPTER 1
Tourism in Perspective
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Understand what tourism is and its
many definitions.
Learn the components of tourism and
tourism management.
Examine the various approaches to
studying tourism.
Appreciate how important this industry
is to the economy of the world and of
many countries.
Know the benefits and costs of tourism.
2012 John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
All Rights Reserved
DEFINITION OF TOURISM
Tourism may be defined as the
processes, activities, and outcomes
arising from the relationships and the
interactions among tourists, tourism
suppliers, host governments, host
communities, and surrounding
environments that are involved in the
attracting and hosting of visitors.
UNWTO DEFINITION OF
TOURISM
Tourism comprises the activities of
persons traveling to and staying in
places outside their usual environment
for not more than one consecutive year
for leisure, business and other purposes.
Source: UNWTO
VISITOR
A visitor is defined as those persons
who travel to a country other than that
in which they have their usual residence
but outside their usual environment for
a period not exceeding twelve months
and whose main purpose of visit is
other than the exercise of an activity
remunerated from within the place
visited.
2012 John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
All Rights Reserved
CLASSIFICATION OF
TRAVELERS
ect
o
ector
ions S
En
ter
t
Se ainm
cto en
t
r
sS
Ev
en t
ct
Attra
World &
National
Travel
Industry
Associations
State and Provincial
Travel Industry
Associations
Transportation
Sector
sm
uri s
To rvice
Se
Acco
mmo
rade
da
el T
v
a
r
S
r
T
ector tion
o
t
Sec
Adv
en
Rec ture &
ces
reat
ervi
S
io n O u td o
d
o Foo ector
Se c
tor r
S
International
Tourist Arrivals
(million) % Change
2009
2009/08
1
France
2
United States
Spain 52.2
4
China
Italy 43.2
74.2
54.9
-8.7
50.9
1.2
2009
-6.3
--5.3
-4.1
Source: UNWTO
2012 John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
All Rights Reserved
1
2
n3
4
5
France
(million)
2010
% Change
2010/09
76.8
0.0
8.7
9.4
1.0
0.9
Source: UNWTO
2012 John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
All Rights Reserved
1
2
3
4
5
United States
Spain
France
Italy
China
93.9
53.2
49.4
40.2
39.7
% Change
2009/08
-14.6
-9.0
-7.9
-7.2
-2.9
Source: UNWTO
2012 John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
All Rights Reserved
1
2
3
4
5
% Change
2010/09
9.9
-1.2
-6.2
15.5
-3.6
Source: UNWTO
2012 John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
All Rights Reserved
TOURISM:
WHAT IT MEANS TO THE U.S. ECONOMY
Travel spending in U.S. is projected to total $738.5
billion in 2010.
Tourism is the nations third largest retail industry.
Tourism is the nations largest service export.
Over 7.4 million Americans employed directly in
the travel industry, 9 million indirectly for a total
of over 16 million jobs.
Tourism provides more than 684,000 executive
level positions in each year.
Travel industry provides a disproportionate
number of jobs for the traditionally
disadvantaged.
DISADVANTAGES OF TOURISM
- ECONOMIC
DISADVANTAGES OF TOURISM
- SOCIAL
Creates social problems
Degrades the natural physical environment
and creates pollution
Degrades the cultural environment
Threatens family structure
Commercializes culture, religion, and the arts
Creates misunderstanding
Creates conflicts in the host society
Contributes to disease, economic fluctuation,
and transportation problems
2012 John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
All Rights Reserved