SAP - Online Transaction Processing (OLTP)

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Process-Based Enterprise Logic

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Data Flow Logic

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Procurement Process Example

In the procurement process, there may be different business
partners for different roles in the transaction. These partner roles
are defined in vendor master data
Invoice
Presented
By

Ordering
Address

Vendor

Goods
Supplier
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Payment
Received
By

Procurement Process

Customer

Vendor
Purchase
Requisition

Internal
Demand

Purchase
Order

Goods
Receipt
Invoice
Receipt
Pay
Invoice
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Material Master Data

An advantage of the SAP system is that it maintains one set of

data in real time. Material data is used by many functional areas.
With non-integrated systems, each system may contain material
data, and this data is not always consistent. In the SAP system,
the data is consistently correct or incorrect.
Material Master data is organized by Views. Depending on the
type of material, only certain views need to be used. As the
system is configured, additional views can be added as
necessary.

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Material Master Views

Basic Data 1
Basic Data 2
Classification
Sales: Sales Org Data 1
Sales: Sales Org Data 2
Sales: General/Plant Data
Foreign Trade: Export Data
Sales Text
Purchasing
MRP 1
MRP 2
MRP 3
MRP 4
Forecasting
Work Scheduling

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General Plant Data/Storage 1

General Plant Data/Storage 2
Warehouse Management 1
Warehouse Management 2
Quality Management
Accounting 1
Accounting 2
Costing 1
Costing 2

Basic Data, Classification are

not plant-specific
Other views are plant-specific

Material Master Views

Basic
Data
View

NRG-A Bars
Base unit: CS
Gross wt: 72 lb.
Non-plant specific
Plant specific

Plant 1000
NRG-A Bars
Lead Time: 2 days
Std. Price: 216.80

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Plant 2000
MRP
Views

NRG-A Bars
Lead Time: 3 days
Std. Price: 223.20

Purchasing Process

Create Purchase Requisition

Where analysis/vendor selection occurs

Create Purchase Order from Requisition

Requisition items can be used to generate multiple purchase orders

Create Goods Receipt
Create Invoice Receipt
Post Outgoing Payment
Unfortunately, there is no purchasing document flow (BT: why not? )

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Sales & Credit Management Example

Credit Management is a cross-functional activity between SD and FI

SD
Sales
People
want to
sell

C
R
E
D
I
T

FI

Credit is an independent function

in the SAP R/3 system

FI
People
want to
reduce
risk
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Credit/Risk Process
Credit Management
Cust: Health Express
Risk: Medium
Credit Limit: $10,000
Ttl. Commit: $6,000
Blocked document list
or E-mail (opt.)
Review situation
Release order

SD, FI
Order: 5923
Order Amount: $5,000
Credit Limit Exceeded
Block order
E-mail to credit rep. (opt.)

Pick, pack & ship order

Bill Customer

Credit control (blocks) can be applied at order entry,

delivery creation or goods issue
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Static vs. Dynamic Checks

Open
order
Open
order
Open
order
Open
delivery value
Receivables

Static Check

Credit Limit

Open
order
Open
order

Open
order
Open
delivery value

Dynamic Check

Receivables

Credit Horizon
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Decentralized Credit Management

Credit Control Area 1
Company Code 1

Credit Control Area 2

Company Code 2

Sales Org.1

Sales Org.2

Health Express
Limit: $50,000

Health Express
Limit: $100,000

Each company code sets and monitors a credit limit independently

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Centralized Credit Management

Credit Control Area 1
Company Code 1

Company Code 2

Sales Org.1

Sales Org.2

Health Express

Health Express
Limit: $150,000

Transactions with each company code apply to the single credit limit set for the
single credit control area

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Exchange Rates
Credit Control Area 1
Currency: USD
Company Code 1
Currency: USD

Company Code 2
Currency: EU

Sales Org.1

Sales Org.2

Health Express

Health Express
Limit: $150,000

Receivables for Company Code 2 are converted from Euros to US Dollars when
credit is checked

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Automatic Credit Control

Determine points at which credit check is carried out (order creation, delivery
creation or goods issue)
Determine type of check
Based on:

Credit control area

Risk category

Document (credit group)

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Automatic Credit Control

Sales
organization
Company
Code

Customer

Transaction
Type

Credit
Control Area

Risk
Category

Credit group

As of release 4.0, Credit

control area can also be
Determined via:
user exits
payer
sales area

When Credit is Checked

Why Credit is Checked
What the system does (warning, error)
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