SS7 Introduction

Introduction to Signalling
Switching Core Network Signalling

M14/U4
For public use IPR applies

1
Nokia Siemens Networks
Presentation / Author / Date / Document Number
Nokia Siemens Networks Academy

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2
Document change history

Date
Version
3/2/08

3
Name
Change comment
Gatot Mardianto
M14/U4, CAS deleted, more new R4 signalling
Signalling Concept

4
What is Signalling ?
Signalling is the exchange of information specifically

concerned with the establishment and control
of connections, and with management,
in a telecommunications network.

5
Standardisation Bodies:
The ITU (International Telecommunication Union)
UN
(United
Nations)
ITU
General
Secretariat
Office
6
ITUD
ITUR
ITU-T
Other Standardisation Bodies

Third Generation Partnership Project
www.3gpp.org
is a collaboration agreement that was
established in December 1998. The
collaboration agreement brings together a
number of telecommunications standards
bodies which are known as
Organizational Partners. The current
Organizational Partners are ARIB, CCSA, ETSI,
ATIS, TTA, and TTC
www.ietf.org
Is an organised activity of Internet Society (ISOC).
ISOC is a not-for-profit organization
founded in 1992 to provide leadership in
Internet related standards, education, and policy.
ISOC is supported by more than 90 organizational members
and 26,000 individual members

7
Advantages of following the recommendations

Easier network integration
Compatibility between products of
different vendors
Wider choice of network products from
which to choose
Competition between suppliers, which leads
to reduced price and better products
For the subscriber, this results in quality,
lower price and wider network coverage
8
Signalling Types
Signalling is divided into three
types:
signalling within the exchange
signalling between subscriber and

exchange
signalling between exchanges

9
Simplified Signalling Between Subscriber and Exchange
a) Service Request
b) Access Grant
c) Setup
(Digits)
d) Page
Exchange
A Subscriber
g) Alert
h) Connect
i) Connect Acknowledge

10
e) Service Request
f) Setup
g) Alert
h) Connect
i) Connect Acknowledge
B Subscriber
Signalling Between Exchanges Simplified

PSTN
MSC
Hey, I want to call
number
2...
Hold on a second, who are you and what is your number?
I am a priority subscriber and my number is 214-123-4567
Ok, now give the rest of digits

Here they are, 14-987-6543
Ok, he answered
Asubscriber
CONVERSATION
I want to clear the call now
Got it, bye bye!

11
Bsubscriber
Historical signaling development

DC Signaling
AC Signaling
MF Signaling (DTMF, CAS)
CCS Signaling,
Digital Signalling based on data communication concept from OSI
(Open System Interconnection).
Now is CCS No. 7 (called also SS7, C7, )
This document will discuss mostly Digital Signalling

12
Data Communication Environment
host A
user A
application
application
Communication
hardware/softwar
e
Communication
hardware/softwar
e
transmission medium

13
host B
user B
OSI Protocol Stack
OSI Stack
host A
host B
application
Communication
hardware/software
Application Layer
Presentation Layer
Session Layer
Transport Layer
Network Layer
Data Link Layer
Physical Layer
application
Communication
hardware/software
transmission medium

14
Protocols and Interfaces
application
application
protocol
Application Layer
protocol
Presentation Layer
protocol
Session Layer
protocol
Transport Layer
protocol
Network Layer
Data Link Layer
Physical Layer
protocol
interface
protocol
transmission medium
15
Common Channel Signalling

Common Channel Signalling (CCS) is a signalling method in
which signalling information is conveyed over a single channel
by addressed messages.
CCS7
CCS7 is an internationally standardised Common
Channel Signalling (CCS) system. It is optimised for operation
in digital telecommunication networks such as GSM.

16
CCS7 protocol stack vs. the OSI reference

model (level and layer)
Layer
OSI Reference Model
Application layer
Presentation layer
Session layer
Transport layer
Network layer
Data link layer
Physical layer

17
Common Channel Signalling No. 7
Application Part
User Part
(GSM specific part)
SCCP
User Part
Level
(Common part)
(PSTN, ISDN,
GSM)
3
MTP (levels 1-3)
2
1
The Yellow Book Architecture : MTP with only:

Signalling Data Link Function
Signalling Link Functions
Signalling Network Function
User Parts: TUP and DUP, with possibility for other user
parts.
The Red Book Architecture
SCCP introduced
ISDN user part modified to ISDN-UP
The SCCP served OMAP, with an application service part
in between, which provided services of the Presentation,
Session and the Transport layer
The Blue Book Architecture:

Introduction of Transaction Capabilities
The ISDN-UP modified to ISUP
The MTP made compatible to serve other CCITT defined
users
The White Book Architecture:
The present day CCS#7. TC modified to TCAP.

18
Signaling protocols in 2G/3G Core Networks

19
2G GSM/3G Rel.99 network structure

Internet
(TCP/IP)
GPRS + UMTS
GSM
mobile
Co-sited GSM + UMTS

Base Station Subsystem
2G SGSN
GGSN
BSC
SIM card
GSM / UMTS
mobile
GSM BTS
Network Subsystem
(GSM +UMTS)
SRR
3G SGSN
HLR
MSC
MGW
RNC
UMTS
mobile
Landline NW
(PSTN/ISDN)
UMTS (WCDMA)
BTS
IN SCP

20
CCS7 protocols in GSM Network

MSC/VLR
BSSAP
MAP/INAP TUP
TCAP
NUP
ISUP
SCCP
MTP
PSTN
Exchange
TUP
NUP
ISUP
SCCP
MTP
MAP / INAP
BSSAP
BSC
SCCP
SCCP
MTP
21
TCAP
MTP
HLR/EIR/AC
Protocol stack in MGW Rel.99

Iub
A'
Iu
Media
Media
Gateway
Gateway
MSC
MSC
RANAP / BSSAP
BSSAP
BB/NB SCCP
SCCP
RNC
RNC
RANAP
Broadband SCCP
Broadband MTP-3
BB/NB MTP-3
SSCF-NNI
SSCF-NNI
SSCOP
SSCOP
AAL5
AAL5
ATM Layer
ATM

22
MTP-3
MTP-2
MTP-2
ATM Layer
MTP-1
MTP-1
ATM
TDM
TDM
New Protocols in SCN Rel4

Radio Access Network Application Part (RANAP)
SIGTRAN (M3UA and SCTP)
Media Gateway Control protocol (H.248/MEGACO)
Bearer independent call control (BICC)
Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)
AAL2SIG (AAL Type 2 Signalling) between RNC-MGW or
MGW-MGW using ATM
IPBCP (IP Bearer Control Protocol) , using tunnelling for
MGW-MGW using IP

23
GSM/UMTS Rel4 network structure

IN/SCE
HL
R/
HS
S
BSC
MSC Server
GSM
PSTN/ISDN
MSC Server
BICC CS-2, SIP-T

H.248
RNC
H.248
MGW
MGW
Iu-CS
WCDMA
APSE
Other PLMN
IP/ATM
Backbone
Iu-PS
External
IP networks
GGSN
SGSN
24
MSS System Interfaces & Protocols

HLR
Services
CAP
MAP
H.248
H.248for
for
MGW
control
MGW control
RANAP
RANAPor
or
BSSAP
BSSAP
towards
towardsradio
radio
network
network
BICC CS-2, SIP

ATM/IP
MSS/
GCS
Nc
AAL2/AAL5
ATM
Nb
MGW
BSSAP
AAL2
ATM
A
TDM
BSC
25
H.248
IP
Mc
Iu-CS
RNC
MSC
Server
Mc
H.248
IP
RANAP
AAL5/ATM
BICC
BICCor
orSIP
SIP
for
signalling
for signalling
RTP
IP
SS7
TDM
MGW
User
Userdata
dataover
over
ATM,
TDM
ATM, TDMor
or
IP
IP
PSTN
RANAP
---Radio Access Network Application Part
Maintains Iu-interface Control Plane, thus
handling activities between the RAN and CN.
Broadband CCS
RANAP
ATM
RNC
26
MGW
IP
R
A
A
P
MSS/VLR
RANAP
MAP
RANAP
ISUP
RANAP
TCAP
SCCP
M3UA
M3UA
SCTP
SCTP
IP
IP
MSS
27
SCCP
MTP3B
MTP3B
SSCF
SSCF
SSCOP
SSCOP
AAL5
AAL5
ATM
ATM
MGW
RNC
BSSAP Signalling in Release 4

28
Sigtran - Signalling over IP

Sigtran defines a standardized way of carrying any SS7
signalling over IP networks
Defines retransmission and reordering functionalities
Physical layer can be any layer 1 technology
Sigtran
signalling stack
Application
Signalling
adaptation:
Sigtran
M3UA
SCTP
Transport layer
IP
Physical layer
Ethernet/SDH/e
tc.

29
Applicatio
n can be
ISUP,
BICC,
SCCP, etc.
Sigtran Deployment in Rel4 MSC Server System

MAP
MAP
TCAP
TCAP
SMSC
SCCP
M3UA
M3UA
HLR
SCTP
SCTP
IP
IP
BICC
MSC Server
ISUP
BSSAP
RANAP
SCCP
SCCPb
SCTP
M3UA
M3UA
IP
SCTP
SCTP
IP
IP
IP
M3UA
PSTN/
ISDN
MSC Server
RAN/BSS
ISUP
MTP3
MGW
M3UA
SCTP
IP

30
SCCP
MGW
MGWs act as Signaling GWs
MEGACO / H.248
---Media Gateway Control protocol
The H.248 protocol is used in the Mc
interface between MSC Server and
MGW Rel.4.
MSC Server controls the user
plane terminations and contexts in
MGW Rel.4 through the Mc interface.
MSS/VLR
L
MEGACO/ H.248
ATM/IP/TDM
MGW
31
MGW

32
Bearer Independent Call Control - BICC

Specified by ITU-T, required in Rel4 networks
BICC is used for call control between two MSC servers in the Nc interface, allowing a
backbone independent Control Plane and User Plane.
Based on ISUP, includes extensions to carry bearer related information; due to the
fact that BICC is supposed to control calls over ATM/IP connection instead of PCMTSLs.
The needed bearer specific information is transferred from MGW to MSS trough the
H.248 protocol
.
.
Bearer information Mgw address
Codec: AMR
carried in
signalling messages mode 7
.
.
MSC Server
.
MSC Server
IAM
Bearer cntr
Bearer cntr
MGW address
MGW

33
MGW
Two ways to establish a bearer

1) Use separate bearer control signalling (ATM)
2) Tunnel bearer information in call control messages (IP)
MSS
Call Control Signalling

BICC or SIP
H.248
MSS
H.248
In ATM backbone, bearer

is established via
separate bearer control
signalling. In case of
ATM AAL2 connections,
AAL2 signalling is used.
Bearer Control Signalling

E.g, AAL2 signalling
MGW

34
MGW
In IP backbone, no
separate bearer
signalling is used.
Instead, the information
about the bearer is
tunneled in H.248 and
SIP or BICC via the MSC
Servers. (IPBCP)
Session Initiation Protocol - SIP

SIP specified by IETF
SIP-T defines extensions to carry ISUP messages encapsulated in SIP
messages (SIP for Telephony)
Transport usually over UDP (can be e.g. SCTP as well)
Can establish IP bearers
Bearer information ..
and ISUP carried in IP address:
signalling messages192.168.3.2
MSC Server
MSC Server
INVITE
Bearer cntr
Bearer cntr
Port: 5964
Codec: AMR mode
7
.
.
ISUP: 84FC 03FC
SIP
.
UDP/SCTP
IP
192.168.3.2/5964
35
MGW
MGW
AAL Type 2 Signaling

AAL type 2 signaling protocol (Q.2630) is
used between AAL2 switching capable
network elements ("AAL2 switches"), e.g.,
RNC-MGW
Dedicated signaling channel

(ATM VCC with AAL5) is
configured between switches
for carrying Q.2630 signalling
AAL2 paths are configured
(ATM VCC) as permanent
virtual channels
Signaling protocol controls AAL2
channel setup and tear down
within AAL2 paths. AAL2 channel
is identified by AAL2 Path ID and
Channel Identifier (CID)
AAL2 path can go through an
intermediate ATM switch in ATM
protocol level without switching in
AAL2 protocol level

36
SETUP
Signaling channel
AAL2
Switc
h
AAL2 paths
CID(x)
Path = ATM VCC

(Interface,VPI/VCI)
AAL2
Switc
h
CID(x)
AAL2 ch = AAL2 path & CID

CID = 8-255
ATM
Switc
h
CCS7 in 3G Rel 4 Network

MSS/VLR
RANAP
MAP/INAP
TCAP
SCCP
M3UA
GCS
BICC
ISUP
MAP/INAP
TCAP
SCCP
BICC
ISUP
PSTN
Exchange
SCCP
M3UA
MTP3
MGW
MAP / INAP
RANAP
RNC
SCCP
MTP3b

37
TCAP
SCCP
M3UA
HLR/EIR/AC
ISUP
Creating Control Plane Protocol Stacks

MSC Server
BSSAP
SCCP
BSC
MTP
MSC Server
BSS
RANA
AP
P
SCCP
BICC
M3UA
H.248 M3UA
SCTP
SCTP
IP
IP
Ethernet
Ethernet
ISUP
H.248
SCCP
SCTP
IP
Ethernet
MTP
RANAP
RNC
SCCP
Backbone
MTP3b
SCCP
MTP3b
AAL5
AAL5
ATM
ATM
Phy
Phy

38
M3UA
MGW
MGW
MGW
PSTN
Signalling and protocols in MSS
MAP
MAP
CAP
CAP
INAP
INAP
TCAP
TCAP
BSSAP
BSSAP RANAP
RANAP
SCCP
SCCP
BICC
BICC
M3UA
M3UA
H.248
H.248
SCTP
SCTP
IPv4,
IPv4,IPv6
IPv6
Ethernet
Ethernet

39
ISUP
ISUP
TCP
TCP
SIP
SIP
UDP
UDP
Signaling Hardware in
DX200 MSS / IPA2800 MGW

40
DX200 Standalone MSS
M14 with Ethernet Message Bus (EMB)

optional
E1
T1
ET
LAN switch
SIGU
BSU
CCSU
CMM
Ext.Sync.
CLS
GSW
X.25 or
NMS and
SMSC
BDCU
MB
CMU
VLRU
STU
LAN switch

41
CHU
OMU
VDU
and
LPT
DX200 MSC (or Integrated MSS)

BSS
ET
ECET
PSTN
CLS
EXT.
SYNC
ET
NSS
TGFP
CDSU
GSW
IPET
Control
LAN
Switch
IP
LAN
VANG
PBX
ET
X.25 or LAN to
NMS and SMSC
TGSU
CASU
MFSU
BSU
CCSU
BDCU
PAU
MESSAGE BUS
VDU and
CCMU
CMU
CM
VLRU
STU
CHU
OMU
DN98616796
IP Trunk / SIGTRAN
LAN
O&M LAN Switch

42
LAN
LPT
LAN
IP
IPA 2800 MGW Functionality

User plane transport and conversion between
TDM, IP and ATM based interfaces

Signaling transport between network
interfaces and MSC Server or GCS using
SIGTRAN
Handling of media resources under the control
of GCS or MSC Server via H.248
All needed media processing functions Transcoding, Echo Canceling, Continuity Check,
DTMF Generation and detection, Tone and
announcement generation, conference
functionality
Multimedia Gateway provides:
A-interface towards GSM BSS
Iu-interface towards 3G RAN
Circuit-switched TDM interface towards PSTN
ATM, IP and TDM interfaces for backbone
connections between MGWs

43
IPA 2800 MGW Functional Architecture

In U4
NIS1 (U3)
NP8S1 (U4)

44
4 STM-1 / OC-3 (U3)

8 STM-1 / OC-3 (U4)
User plane data flow in MGW: Iu IP BB (in U4)

Physical layer processing
ATM layer processing
Traffic management
AAL2 termination & switching
Iu Interface
(Towards RNC)
STM-1
ATM
Nb Interface
(Towards other
MGWs)
Ethernet
ATM cell switching
NIS/
NPS
MXU
IPEIPU
VANU
IWS1
STM-1
TDM
NIWU
E1/T1/J1
TDM
NIP1
E1/T1/JT1
IMA/ATM
SFU
CM
CACU
SPMU
NEMU
ESA2
4
WDU

45
MXU
MXU
OMU
Transcoding, voice
quality enhancements,
copies ingress stream
to egress stream
TCU
ESA2
4
ISU
LAN
WDU
FDU
Signaling Flow in MGW
Example: RANAP from RNC to MSC Server
ATM STM-1
I
u
RANAP NIS1
over AAL5
RANAPESA-24
over IP
RNC
SFU
1G Ethernet
ISU
MXU
FE
MSC
Server

46
MTP3 / M3UA
interworking
MGW
Appendix
MSS interfaces
MGW Interfaces

47
MSS Interfaces (1/2)

48
MSS Interfaces (2/2)

49
MGW Interfaces
TDM used for:
A-interface
PSTN
IWF
i-MSS
interconnection
ATM
STM1/OC3
E1/T1/JT
1
MGW
ATM over STM-1/OC3

or E1/T1/JT1 (IMA)
used for:
Iu
ATM backbone
50
TDM
E1/T1/JT1
STM1/OC3
IP
Ethern
et
IP used for:
H.248 control
IP user plane to backbone
SIGTRAN
MGW Interfaces
MSC Server
MSC Server
TDM
GSM BSS
BSC
Backbone
EFR/G.711
G.711
(FR, EFR)
PSTN
ATM
AMR
WCDMA
MGW
RNC
PSTN
G.711
PSTN/
PLMN

51
G.711
IP/ATM/TDM
Backbone
Iu
MGW
PSTN/
PLMN

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Introduction to Signalling

Switching Core Network Signalling

For public use IPR applies

Presentation / Author / Date / Document Number

Nokia Siemens Networks Academy

For public use IPR applies

Presentation / Author / Date / Document Number

Document change history

For public use IPR applies

M14/U4, CAS deleted, more new R4 signalling

Presentation / Author / Date / Document Number

For public use IPR applies

Presentation / Author / Date / Document Number

Signalling is the exchange of information specifically

For public use IPR applies

Presentation / Author / Date / Document Number

Presentation / Author / Date / Document Number

Other Standardisation Bodies

For public use IPR applies

Presentation / Author / Date / Document Number

Advantages of following the recommendations

Presentation / Author / Date / Document Number

signalling between subscriber and

For public use IPR applies

Presentation / Author / Date / Document Number

Simplified Signalling Between Subscriber and Exchange

For public use IPR applies

Presentation / Author / Date / Document Number

Signalling Between Exchanges Simplified

Ok, now give the rest of digits

For public use IPR applies

Presentation / Author / Date / Document Number

Historical signaling development

For public use IPR applies

Presentation / Author / Date / Document Number

Data Communication Environment

For public use IPR applies

Presentation / Author / Date / Document Number

OSI Protocol Stack

Data Link Layer

For public use IPR applies

Presentation / Author / Date / Document Number

Protocols and Interfaces

Data Link Layer

Presentation / Author / Date / Document Number

Common Channel Signalling

For public use IPR applies

Presentation / Author / Date / Document Number

CCS7 protocol stack vs. the OSI reference

OSI Reference Model

Data link layer

For public use IPR applies

Common Channel Signalling No. 7

MTP (levels 1-3)

Presentation / Author / Date / Document Number

The Yellow Book Architecture : MTP with only:

The Red Book Architecture

The Blue Book Architecture:

The White Book Architecture:

The present day CCS#7. TC modified to TCAP.

Presentation / Author / Date / Document Number

Signaling protocols in 2G/3G Core Networks

For public use IPR applies

Presentation / Author / Date / Document Number