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ASSC.PROF.DR.MELTEM KURUS
Secrection
Absorption
Barrier
Immunologic protection
Oral Cavity
The oral cavity
consists of the mouth
and its structures,
which include the
tongue, teeth and
their supporting,
structures
(periodontium) major
and minor salivary
glands and tonsils
Masticator Mucosa
The masticator mucosa is found on the gingiva
(gums) and hard plate
It has a keratinized and, in some areas, a
parakeratinized stratified squamous epithelium
parakeratined
stratified squamous
epithelium is smiliar to
keratinized epithelium
except that the
superficial cells do not
lose their nuclei and
their cytoplasm does
not stain intensely
with eosin
Lining Mucosa
The lining mucosa is
found on the lips,
cheeks, alveolar
mucosal surface, floor
of the mouth, inferior
surfaces of the
tongue and soft
palate.
The nonkeratinized
lining epithelium is
thicker than keratinized
epithelium.
It consists of only 3
layers
Stratum basale
Stratum spinosum
Stratum superficiale
Specilazed Mucosa
Specilazed mucosa is
associated with the
sensation of taste and is
restricted to the dorsal
surface of the tongue.
It contains papillae and
taste buds responsible for
generating the chemical
sensation of taste
Tonsils
The tonsils consist of
aggregations of lymphatic
nodules that are clustered
around the posterior
opening of the oral and
nasal cavities
Lymphatic tissue is
organized into a
tonsillar (Waldeyer`s)
ring of immunologic
protection located at
the shared entrance
to the digestive and
respiratory tracts
Palatine tonsils, or
simply the tonsils,
which are located at
either side of the
entrance to the
oropharynx between
the palatopharyngeal
and palatoglossal
arches
LIPS
The upper and lower lips
are usually in contact with
one another and thus
resemble a drawstring in
that they guard the
entrance into the oral
cavity
The core of the lips is
composed of skeletal
muscle fibers that are
responsible for the lips
mobility
LIPS
The interdigitation
between the epithelium
and connective tissue
components of the oral
mucosa (rete apparatus)
is highly developed, so
that capillary loops of the
dermal papillae are close
to the surface of the skin,
imparting a pink color to
the vermillion zone.
The absence of
functional glands in
this region
necessitates the
occasional moistening
of the vermilion zone
by the tongue
LIPS
The subepithelial
connective tissue is of
the dense, irregular
collagenous type and
houses numerous,
mostly mucous, minor
salivary glands
PALATE
The oral and nasal cavities
are seperated from each
other by the hard and soft
palates.
The hard palate positioned
anteriorly, is immovable
and receives its name
from bony shelf contained
within it.
Children have 10
deciduous (primary, milk)
teeth in each jaw, on each
side;
A medial (central) incisor,
the first tooth erupt
(usually in the mandible)
at approximately 6 months
of age (in some infants,
first teeth may not erupt
until 12-13 months
During a period of
years, usually
beginning at about age
6 and ending at about
age 12-13, deciduous
teeth are gradually
replaced by 16
permanent (secondary)
teeth in each jaw
ENAMEL
Enamel is the hardest
substance in the body; it is
consists of 96 to 98%
calcium hydroxyapatite.
Enamel is an acellular
mineralized tissue that
covers the crown of the
tooth.
Once formed it cannot be
replaced.
Enamel is composed
of enamel rods that
span the entire
thickness of the
enamel layer.
Mature enamel
contains very little
organic material.
Despite its hardness,
enamel can be
decalcified by acidproducing bacteria
acting on food
products trapped on
the enamel surface
Enamel is produced by
ameloblasts of the enamel
organ, and dentin is
produced by neural crest
derived odontoblasts of
the adjancent
mesenchyme.
The enamel organ is an
epithelial formation that
derived from ectodermal
epithelial cells of the oral
cavity
CEMENTUM
Cementum covers the root
of the tooth
The root is the part of the
tooth that fits into its
alveolus, or socket in the
maxillla or mandible.
Cementum is a thin layer of
bonelike material that is
secreted by cementocytes,
cells that closely resemble
osteocytes.
Dentin
Dentin is a calcified
material that forms
most of the tooth
substance
Dentin lies deep to
the enamel and
cementum
Dentin is secreted by
odontoblasts that
form an epithelial
layer over the inner
surface of the dentin,
i.e the surface that is
in contact with the
pulp
Like ameloblasts,
odontoblasts are
columnar cells that
contain a well-devolep r
ER, a large Golgi
apparatus and other
organelles associated with
the synthesis and
secretion of other large
amounts of protein
Predentin is newly
resecreted organic
matrix, closest to the
cell body of the
odontoblast, which
has yet to be
mineralized
Dentin is produced by
odontoblast.
Dentin is the first
mineralized
component of the
tooth to be deposited