L/O/G/O

Biomass Overview
Hong c Chnh KTHH7
Phan Duy Bng KTHH8

What is biomass?
All organic matter is known as biomass,
and the energy released from
biomass when it is eaten, burnt or
converted into fuels is called biomass
energy.

Why use biomass?

Fossil fuels are finite

Global warming reduction

Biomass is renewable

Why is biomass?
Biomass provides a clean,
renewable energy source.
Biomass energy generates
far less air emissions than
fossil fuels.
Unlike combustion of fossil
fuels,
carbon
dioxide
released by biomass is
balanced
by
carbon
dioxide captured in the
recent growth of the
biomass, so there is far
less
net
impact
on
greenhouse gas levels.

Where does biomass come

from ?
Biomass is obtained from
any plant, human or
animal derived organic
matter.
Wood
from
trees,
agricultural crops, wood
factory waste, and the
construction industry
Burnt wood from forest
fires
Animals and animal
droppings

Biomass Energy Use in

Asian Countries
Energy consumption
(PJ/million people)

Percentage of
Biomass Energy
in Total Energy

GDP per Capita

(US$)

Nepal

13,3

90,20

199

Myanmar

8,4

87,40

288

Cambodia

9,2

85,10

384

Bhutan

9,6

82,7

222

Viet Nam

14,4

77,70

865

Lao PDR

77,2

363

Country

Biomass Energy Use in

Asian Countries

Biomass Energy Use in

Asian Countries

How was biomass used in

the past?
Biomass was the first
fuel mankind learned to
use for energy. Burning
wood for warmth and
cooking and keeping
wild animals away
Some of the earliest
power
plants
in
America were fueled by
wood material
Many cultures used
animal dung to burn,
and some are still
doing this today

Biomass Advantages
Renewable resource
Reduces landfills
Protects clean water
supplies
Reduces acid rain and
smog
Reduces greenhouse
gases
Carbon dioxide
Methane

Biomass Conversion
Feedstock
Supply
Residues
Dedicated
Crops

Harvesting and
Handling
Collection
Processing
Storage
Transportation

Conversion
Thermochemical
Combustion
Gasification
Pyrolysis
Other
Biochemical
Anaerobic
(fermentation)
Anaerobic Digestion
Alcohol Fermentation
Aerobic
Composting
Activated
(oxygenated) waste
treatment
Direct Hydrogen
Physicochemical
Oil extraction
Hydrocarbon
extraction

Utilization
Biopower
Process and Space Heating
Power generation
Biofuels
Ethanol
Biodiesel
Methanol
Pyrolisis liquids
Biogas (methane + CO2) including
digester and landfill gas
Synthesis gases (CO + H2)(for
further refinement to
liquid/gaseous fuels)
Hydrogen
Charcoal
Biomass solids
Others
Bioproducts
Citric and other acids
Composite materials
Fertilizer
Fibers
Lubricants
Others
Pesticides
Structural materials
Surfactants

Disadvantages
Crop and forest residues often contain
high concentrations of important nutrients
If the residue is harvested as energy, the
nutrients can be lost to the surrounding
environment.
Other synthetic chemical nutrients or
fertilizers can later be added
More plants and trees must be planted,
because they will be used in a higher
quantity