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Analytic Hierarchy Process

Multi-criteria decision
making.

Case
A motorist is using the AHP to choose a new car from three possible
models: an Arrow, a bestmobile and a commuter. The choice will be
based on just two attributes: cost and style. The motorist considers
that cost is weakly more important than style.
When asked to compare the costs of the cars, the motorist makes
the followig statements: on cost, the bestmobile is weakly preferred
to the arrow, but the arrow is weakly preferred to the commuter. Also
the bestmobile is extremely preferred to the commuter.
On style, the arrow is very strongly preferred to the bestmobile, but
the commuter is weakly preferred to the arrow. Also the commuter is
extremely preferred to the bestmobile.
a. Construct a hierarchy to represent the decision problem
b. Calculate the weight for each table in hierarchy and hence
determine which car should be purchased
c. Calculate the inconsistency ratios for the motorist comparisons of
the cars on (i) cost and (ii) style and interpret your results

Analytic Hierarchy Process


Step

1: Structure a hierarchy.
Overall Goal
Criteria
Decision
Alternatives

To Select a new Car


Cost

Style

COMMUTER
COMMUTER
ARROW
ARROW
BESTMOBILE
BESTMOBILE

COMMUTER
ARROW
BESTMOBILE

Analytic Hierarchy Process

Numerical
ratings
1
2
4
6

Verbal judgments
Equally important
(preferred)
Weakly prefered
Strongly prefered
Extremely prefered

COST

Example: Synthesizing
Procedure - 1
Step 1: Sum the values in each column.
Cost
BM

BM
1

AR
2

CM
6

AR
CM

1/2
1/6
10/6

1
1/3
10/3

2
1
9

Column totals

Example: Synthesizing
Procedure - 2
Step 2: Divide each element of the matrix by
its column total.
All columns in the normalized pairwise
comparison matrix now have a sum of 1.

Cost

BM

AR

CM

BM

6/10

6/10

2/3

AR

3/10

3/10

2/9

CM

1/10

1/10

1/9

Example: Synthesizing
Procedure - 3
Step 3: Average the elements in each row.

Cost

The values in the normalized pairwise


comparison matrix have been converted
to decimal form.
The result is usually represented as the
(relative) priority vector (eigen vector).

BM

AR

CM

BM

0.6

0.6

0.667

AR

0.3

0.4

0.222

CM

0.1

0.1

0.111
Total

Row Avg.

0.622333
0.622333

0.307333
0.307333 0.103667

0.103667
1,033333

Example: Consistency Checking


-1
Step 1: Multiply each value in the first column of the
pairwise comparison matrix by the relative
priority of the first item considered. Same
procedures for other items. Sum the values
across the rows to obtain a vector of values
labeled weighted sum.

1
2
6 0.623 0.615 0.622 1.86
0.622333 1 2 0.307333 1 0.103667 2 0.312 0.307 0.207 0.826
1 6
1 3
1 0.104 0.102 0.104 0.31

Example: Consistency Checking


-2
Step 2: Divide the elements of the vector of
weighted sums by the corresponding
priority value.
1.86 / 0.622 2.990
0.826 / 0.307 2.691

0.31 / 0.104 2.981

Step 3: Compute the average of the values computed in


step 2 (max).
max

2.990 2.691 2.981

2.887
3

STYLE

Example: Synthesizing
Procedure - 1
Step 1: Sum the values in each column.
Style

BM

AR

CM

BM

1/4

1/6

AR

1/2

CM

6
11

2
13/4

1
10/6

Column totals

Example: Synthesizing
Procedure - 2
Step 2: Divide each element of the matrix by
its column total.
All columns in the normalized pairwise
comparison matrix now have a sum of 1.

Style

BM

AR

CM

BM

1/11

1/13

1/10

AR

4/11

4/13

3/10

CM

6/11

8/13

6/10

Example: Synthesizing
Procedure - 3
Step 3: Average the elements in each row.

Style

The values in the normalized pairwise


comparison matrix have been converted
to decimal form.
The result is usually represented as the
(relative) priority vector (eigen vector).

BM

AR

CM

Row Avg.

BM

0.0909 0.0769

0.1

0.089

AR

0.3636 0.3076

0.3

CM

0.5454 0.6153

0.6
Total

0.324 0.587

0.587
1.000

0.089
0.324

Example: Consistency Checking


-1
Step 1: Multiply each value in the first column of the
pairwise comparison matrix by the relative
priority of the first item considered. Same
procedures for other items. Sum the values
across the rows to obtain a vector of values
labeled weighted sum.
1
1/4
1/6 0.089 0.081 0.098 0.268
0.089 4 0.324 1 0.587 1/2 0.356 0.324 0.294 0.974
6
2
1 0.534 0.648 0.587 1.769

Example: Consistency Checking


-2
Step 2: Divide the elements of the vector of
weighted sums by the corresponding
priority value.
0.268 / 0.089 3.011
0.974 / 0.324 3.006

1.769 / 0.587 3.014

Step 3: Compute the average of the values computed in


step 2 (max).
max

3.011 3.006 3.014

3.011
3

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