Satellite

Communicatio
ns
Engr. Leah Q. Santos
Faculty, Engg-EcE dept.

Satellite Link Models

Uplink Model

Satellite Link Models

Transponder

Satellite Link Models

Downlink Model

Satellite Link Models

Cross-Links

also known as
intersatellite links (ISLs)

Satellite System
Parameters
Back

Off - reduction of input power to

reduce the amount of intermodulation
distortion caused by the nonlinear
amplification of HPA
Back Off Loss (L bo) the amount of
backed-off from rated levels .
Saturated output Power(Po(sat)or Pt)output power of a typical satellite earth
station expressed in dBW.

Satellite System
Parameters
HPA

input/output characteristic curve

Satellite System
Parameters

Saturated output Power(Po(sat)or Pt)- output

power of a typical satellite earth station .

where:
Eb= energy of a single bit (J/bit)
Pt= total saturated power (W or J/sec)
Tb= time of a single bit (sec)

Example:
For a total transmit power of 1000 W,
determine the energy per bit in dBJ for a
transmission rate of 50 Mbps.

Answer: -47 dBJ

Satellite System
Parameters
Effective

Isotropic Radiated Power

(EIRP)- an equivalent transmit power
and is expressed as:

where:
EIRP= Effective Isotropic Radiated Power (W)
Pin= antenna input power(W)
At= transmit antenna gain(unitless ratio)

Example:
For an earth station transmitter with an antenna
output power of 40 dBW, a back-off loss of 3 dB,
a total branching and feeder loss of 3 dB, and a
transmit antenna gain of 40 dB, determine the
EIRP.

Answer: 74 dBW

Seatwork:
For an earth station transmitter has an HPA with
a rated saturated power of 10,000W. A back-off
loss of 6 dB, a total branching loss of 2 dB,
feeder loss of 4 dB, and a transmit antenna gain
of 40 dB, determine the EIRP.

Answer: 68 dBW

Satellite System
Parameters

Equivalent

Noise Temperature(Te)
N = KTB

Where:
N = total noise power (watts)
K = Boltzmanns constant (Joules/Kelvin)
B = bandwidth (hertz)
T = temp of the environment (Kelvin)
F=1+
Te = T(F-1)
Where:
Te = equivalent noise temperature (kelvin)
F = noise factor (unitless)
T = temp. of the environment (kelvin)

Satellite System
Parameters

Example:

Convert noise figures of 4 dB and 4.1dB

to equivalent noise temperatures. Use
300 K for the environmental temperature.

Answer: 453.6 K and 471 K

Satellite System
Parameters
Noise

Density (No)- the noise power normalized

to a 1- Hz bandwidth, or the noise power present

in a 1-Hz bandwidth.

Where:
No - noise density (watts/hertz = joule/cycle)
N total noise power (watts)
B bandwidth (hertz)
K Boltzmanns constant (joule/kelvin)
Te equiv noise temperature (kelvin)
No(dbW/Hz) = 10 log N -10 log B
= 10 log K + 10 log Te

Satellite System
Parameters
Carrier-to-Noise Density Ratio (C/No) the

average wideband carrier power-to-noise

density ratio.
Wideband carrier power the combined power
of the carrier and its associated sidebands.

Satellite System
Parameters
Energy

of Bit-to-Noise Density Ratio(Eb/No)

one of the most important and most often

used parameters when evaluating a digital radio
system.
- a convenient way to compare digital systems
that use different transmission rates, modulation
schemes, or encoding techniques.

Satellite System
Parameters
Energy

of Bit-to-Noise Density Ratio(Eb/No)

one of the most important and most often

used parameters when evaluating a digital radio
system.
- a convenient way to compare digital systems
that use different transmission rates, modulation
schemes, or encoding techniques.

Satellite System
Parameters

Satellite System
Parameters

Example:

A coherent (BPSK) transmitter operates

at a bit rate of 20 Mbps. For a
probability error of 10exp-4s

Gain-To-Equivalent Noise
Temperature Ration

Gain-to-equivalent noise temperature

ratio(G/Te) a figure of merit used to represent

the quality of a satellite or earth station
receiver.

Where:
G= receive antenna gain(dB)
Ts= operating or system temp.(K)
Ta= antenna temp. (K)
Tr= receiver effective input noise temp. (K)

Satellite System
Link Equations

Satellite System
Link Equations
Unplink Equation:

EIRP earth

Free-space

station

path loss

satellite

additional

Boltzmanns
constant

Losses

G/Te

atmospheric

Satellite System
Link Equations
Downlink Equation:

EIRP earth

Free-space

station

path loss

satellite

additional

Boltzmanns
constant
Losses

G/Te

atmospheric

Satellite System
Link Equations

Satellite System
Link Equations

Satellite System
Link Equations

Example:

Complete the link

budget for a
satellite system
with the following
parameters:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

EIRP
C/No
C/N
Eb/No
Eb/No (overall)

Formulas:

Assignment:
Chapter 25 page 14
TBSO : Tuesday March 3,2015