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Part 3
Designation Scheme:
AISISAE number system
Generally a 4-digit number
Read as 2 two-digit pairs
1080 ten eighty
4140 forty-one forty
8620 eighty-six twenty
Heat Treatment:
Any elevated temperature process
whose intended purpose is to alter
the structure and properties of a
material
Typically associated with
establishment of final properties
Processing Heat
Treatments:
Full anneal
Normalize
Process anneal
Spheroidize
Isothermal anneal
Austemper
Processing Heat
Treatments:
Full annealapplicable to all
steels
Processing Heat
Treatments:
Normalizeapplies to all steels
Erase the starting structure by reforming
austenite and then transform it by
removal from the furnace and cooling in
still air
The resulting structure is not as weak or
as ductile as full anneal (fine pearlite for
eutectoid steel)
Processing Heat
Treatments
Process anneal
Used only with low carbon steels (< 0.25
C -- structure is largely ferrite)
Recrystallizes cold worked ferrite to
restore ductility
Stay well below A1 temperature
Changes the form of the microstructure
not the microstructure itself. We do
not want to transform back to austenite!
Processing Heat
Treatments
Spheroidize
Used to enhance the machinability of
high carbon steels, >0.6 C (structures
with > 75% pearlite)
Heat and hold for a long time below the
A1
Carbide sheets break up into spheriodal
particles of Fe3C
Isothermal Heat
Treatments
Austemper:
Isothermal heat treatment below the
nose but above Ms to produce bainite
Isothermal Heat
Treatments
Retained austenite
Results from incomplete transformation
Product is soft and weak when we want
strong
It can subsequently transform
Dimensions change with transformation
Residual stresses
In martensite, the surface is in tension
Can cause surface cracking (quench
cracks)
Martempering can be used to reduce
stresses and cracking
CCT Diagram