SPELLING RULES

A silent "e" on the end

of a word makes the
vowel in front say its
own alphabetic name.
e.g. hate, ride, cube,
bake, shire, mare,
lobe. Exceptions:
done, come, some,
give and have.

Drop the final "e" from a

root word before adding
an ending beginning
with a vowel, but keep it
before a consonant.
e.g. love, loving,
lovely. drive, driving,
driver. settle, settled,
settling. grace,
graceful.

SPELLING RULES

Words of one syllable

ending in a single
consonant preceded by
a single vowel double
the final consonant
before adding ed and
ing (trim - trimmed trimming).

Words of two or more

syllables double the final
consonant before adding
ed and ing when these
conditions are met: the
last syllable ends in a
single consonant
preceded by a single
vowel, and the accent is
on the last syllable (refer
- referred - referring).

SPELLING RULES

Regular plurals are made by

adding "s". e.g. animals,
horses, monkeys, and
cliffs.
To form plurals of words with
a hissing ending, add "es".
i.e.after "s, x, z, sh, and
ch". e.g. buses, foxes,
buzzes, wishes and
churches.

Words ending in an "o"

preceded by a consonant
usually add "es" to form the
plural. e.g. potatoes,
volcanoes. Exceptions:
pianos, solos, Eskimos
Nouns ending in a single
"f" change the "f" to a "v"
before adding "es" to form
the plural. e.g. leaf
leaves; wolf wolves.
Exceptions: dwarfs, roofs,
chiefs.

SPELLING RULES

If a word ends in a
consonant plus "y", change
the "y" to and "i", before
adding any ending. Except:
"ing". e.g. party parties;
heavy heaviness marry
married; funny funnily
carry carriage; pretty
prettier but; cry crying;
hurry hurrying

Words ending in both a

single vowel and a single
consonant always double
the last consonant before
adding an ending. e.g.
stop, stopped, stopping.
flat, flatter, flattest. swim,
swimmer, swimming.
Exceptions: fix, box, fox,
mix. "x" is the same as
"ck"; that is it counts as a
double consonant ending.

SPELLING RULES

When "g" is followed by "i",

"e" or "y", it says "j".
Otherwise it says "g" as in
gold. e.g. gentle, giant,
gymnastic. gallon, gold,
guide, glass, grow.
Exceptions: get, got, begin,
girl, give, gear, geese, gift,
girth, geyser, giddy.

If a word of more than one

syllable ends in a "t",
preceded by a single vowel,
and has the accent on the
last syllable, then double the
final consonant. e.g.
permit; permitted. admit;
admitted. regret; regretted.
But, if the accent is on the
first syllable, dont double
the "t". e.g. visit; visited.
benefit; benefited

SPELLING RULES

"able" or "ible" endings.

Use "able": After root words.
e.g. available, dependable. After
root words ending in "e". e.g.
desirable, believable, usable
(drop the "e"). After "i". e.g.
reliable, sociable. When other
forms of the root word have a
dominant "a" vowel. e.g.
irritable, durable, abominable.
After a hard "c" or "g". e.g.
educable, practicable,
navigable. Exceptions:
formidable, inevitable,
memorable, probable, portable,
indomitable, insuperable.

Use "ible" After non-root

words. e.g. audible, horrible,
possible. When the root has an
immediate "ion"form. e.g.
digestible, suggestible,
convertible. After a root ending
in "ns" or "miss". e.g.
responsible, comprehensible,
permissible. After a soft "c" or
"g". e.g. legible, negligible,
forcible, invincible.
Exceptions: contemptible,
resistible, collapsible,
flexible.

SPELLING RULES

For words ending in a

single "l" after a single
vowel, double the "l"
before adding a suffix,
regardless of accent.
e.g. cancelled,
traveller, signalling,
metallic.

"q" is always written as

"qu". It never stands by
itself. e.g. quick,
queen, quarrel.

SPELLING RULES
Keep

the e in order to keep the soft sound

of c or g before suffixes beginning with a, e,
or o.
Charge + -able = chargeable
Notice + -able = noticeable
Courage + -ous = courageous