MockCoursePlaneStressTransformation

(refMCHT213,Hibbelertext)
1hr15minformat:
PresentTheory/OverviewwithPowerPoint,15
min.
Problemsolvingonboard(exampleproblems),
45min
IndustryExamples,5min
AnswerHWquestions

Chapter9PlaneStressTransformations

StressAnalysisReview
1. Determinecriticalpoint
2. Solveforinternalforcesatthatpoint(orreducetocantilever)
3. Solveforstressesatthatpoint

4. Addlikestresses,i.e.:
total=1+2+3+...
total=1+2+3+

Chapter8

5. Summarizestressesatthatpointonastresselement.
6. MaybenecessarytouseStressTransformationorMohrs
circletogetmaxstresses!

Chapter9

RecallfromChapter8,alreadydidsteps15:

RecallfromChapter8,alreadydidsteps15:

Drill Bit
Drill Bit Isolator (
Thrust Load = 8,000 to
10,000 lb

Drill Rod

Bending Load= 125 lbs)=

K*
Torsion Load= 300 lb-ft

Chuck
Isolator

HOT
SPOT!

NowWhat????
Solveforstressatapoint
usingstandardSoM
Equations.
Summarizethese
stressesonaninitial
stresselementoraligned
stresselement.

step6

MustfindMAXIMUM
stressesatthatpoint,
maybedifferentthenthe
appliedstressescan
occuratsomeother
orientationplaneor
angle.

Compare
maxstresses
tomaterial
allowablesto
determine:
Isitsafe,
willitfail???

Step6.Stressesonotherplanes?Reallynothingnew,recall
Chapter1:Averagenormalstressandshearstress(see
example110):

Now,insteadofstressesonplanestransformstressatapoint:
9.1StressElements:

a)Ingeneral,can
have6independent
stresses(3normal
and3shear)acting
atapoint.

a)Manypractical
engineeringproblems
involveonlythree
independentstresses
calledplanestress.

a)Stressstatefor
planestresscanbe
summarizedona2D
element.

9.2PlaneStressTransformation:
Inthiscourseforceequilibriumin2D)
Graduatecourseforceequilubruimin3Dbutmathsolvedwith
matricesandtensors!!/solveeigenvalueproblem)

Derivationoftheplanestresstransformationequations:

A.GivenPlaneStressState:

Note,positivestress
directionsshown.

B.Whatarenewstressesat
elementrotationof??:

Note,positiveangle(ccw)
shown.

Easy,cutelement,sumforcesinthex
andydirections:

 FX ' 0

x ' A xy A sin cos y A sin sin

xy A cos sin x A cos cos 0

x y x y
x'

cos 2 xy sin 2
2
2

 x y x y
x'

cos 2 xy sin 2
2
2

(9.1)

FY ' 0

x y
x' y'
sin 2 xy cos 2
2

(9.2)

Substitute 90 for in equation 9.1

x y x y
y'

cos 2 xy sin 2
2
2

(9.3)

9.3PrincipalStressesandMaximum
InPlaneShearStresses
Whatarethemaximumstressesatapoint?
Willtheybedifferentthanwhatsshownon
theinitialstresselement?

Recallequationfornormalstressatnewangle:
x y x y
x'

cos 2 xy sin 2
2
2

(9.1)

Wantmaxandminstressessowhatdowedo?

d x '
0
d
xy
tan 2 P
x y / 2
Thisistheprincipalplane

Solvingfor:

(9.4)

Next,plug9.4into9.1andget:

x y
1, 2
/
2

Max
principal

x y

xy2

1 2
Min
principal

(9.5)

So,tosummarize:
Principal
Stress/Princip
alplane
Noteshear
stressesare
zeroon
principal
plane!

x y
1, 2
/
2

x y
xy2
2

xy
tan 2 P
x y / 2

(9.5)

(9.4)

Next,dothesamethingforshearstress:

x y
x' y'
sin 2 xy cos 2
2
d x ' y '
d

(9.2)

Solveforangle,thenplug
intoeqn9.2toget:

tan 2 S

x y / 2

(9.6)

xy
2

x y
xy2
max
2
in plane

avg

x y

(9.7)

(9.8)

1.Onplanesofmaxshear,normalstressisnotzerobut avgasshownin9.8.
2.Theplanesformaxshearstresscanbedeterminedbyorientinganelement
45degfromthepositionofanelementofmaxprincipalstress!

Summary:

xy
tan 2 P
x y / 2
Maxprincipalstress
y
1, 2 x
/
2

xy2

xy
2

in plane

avg

x y / 2

tan 2 S

max

x y

x y
xy2
2

x y

Maxshearstress

ImportantPoints:
Theprincipalstressesrepresentthemaximumandminimum
normalstressatthepoint.Thesestressesareshownonthe
principalstresselement.
Whenthestateofstressisrepresentedbytheprincipalstresses,
noshearstresswillactontheelement.
Thestateofstressatthepointcanalsoberepresentedintermsof
themaximuminplaneshearstress.Inthiscaseanaverage
normalstresswillalsoactontheelement.Thisiscalledthe
maximuminplaneshearstresselement.
Themaximuminplaneshearstresselementisoriented45
degreesfromtheprincipalstresselement.

210/418/470CapstoneDesignProjects!!

K 1 / 3 Fy1 / 2
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