03 |Graphics

Eriq Muhammad Adams J |

Tri Afirianto | tri.afirianto@ub.ac.id
eriq.adams@ub.ac.id

Mesh
Polygon mesh is a collection of
vertices, edges and faces that
defines the shape of a polyhedral
object in 3D CG and solid
modeling.

Mesh

(cont.)

Polyhedral

Mesh

(cont.)

Mesh

(cont.)

Voxel (volumetric pixel /

volumetric picture element) is a
volume element, representing a
value on a regular grid in 3D
space.

Mesh
Voxel

(cont.)

Texture
Is the digital representation of the
surface of an object.

Texture

(cont.)

Texture Mapping :

Rectangle (Geometry)
Texture in VRAM (2n)

Texture

(cont.)

Texture Region :

Rectangle (Geometry)
Texture in VRAM (2n)

Texture

(cont.)

Multitexturing is the process of

using more than one texture map
on a single surface. e.g. (Diffuse
Map, Light Map, Normal Map,
Specular Map, etc).

Texture

(cont.)

Diffuse Map
is a texture you use to define a
surface's main colour

Texture

(cont.)

Opacity Map
make transparency and cut-out
effects from grayscale images

Texture

(cont.)

Specular Map
is the map you use to define a
surface's shininess and highlight
colour

Specular + Opacity =

Texture

(cont.)

Normal Map
is usually used to fake high-res
geometry detail when it's mapped
onto a low-res mesh

Texture

(cont.)

Environment Mapping/Reflection
Mapping is a process that allows
you to simulate reflective
surfaces by mapping the
surrounding environment to a
texture.
Sphere Mapping
Cube Mapping

Texture

(cont.)

Cube Mapping

Texture

(cont.)

Using lots of image file for small

size sprite is not efficient ( too
much draw calls), so good idea to
pack all small size sprites into one
big size image file : Texture Atlas.

Camera
Perspective Projection / Camera

Camera

(cont.)

Orthographic Projection / Camera

Camera

(cont.)

View Frustum Culling the process

of removing objects that lie
completely outside the viewing
frustum from the rendering
process.

Lighting
sun

Point light

Spot light

Directional light

Shadow
Shadow Mapping is a process by
which shadows are added to 3D
CG.
Shadows are created by testing
whether a pixel is visible from the
light source, by comparing it to a
z-buffer or depth image of the
light source's view, stored in the
form of a texture.

Animation
Sprite based animation : by
animating frame by frame.

Animation

(cont.)

Skeletal based animation

Animation

(cont.)

Motion Capture

Marker Based Motion Capture

Animation

(cont.)

Markerless Motion Capture

Sky Box
a method of creating backgrounds
to make a computer and video
games level look bigger than it
really is.

Shaders
A shaders is a computer program
that is used to do shading - the
production of appropriate levels
of light and color within an image
- or, in the modern era, also to
produce special effects or do post
processing.
Type : Vertex Shaders, Geometry
Shaders, Pixel Shaders.
Language : GLSL, HLSL, Cg, CgFx

Specular Shaders

Scene Graph
Data structure commonly used in CG
Represents your 2D/3D world.