Intestine

Prepared by :
Nur Adilah
Nur Adibah
 Small Intestine
 Narrowest portion of the alimentary
canal consisting of :
 ~ duodenum (about 25 cm long)
 ~ jejunum (about 2.5 m long)
 ~ileum (about 3.5 m long)
 Function :
 DIGESTION
1) Digestion of proteins
 - pancreatic juice contains trypsinogen
which is converted to trypsin by enterokinase.


2) Digestion of lipids
 - lipase acts on small droplets of lipids,
hydrolysing them into glycerol and fatty acids.
1)
 3) Digestion of carbohydrates
 - pancreatic amylase hydrolyses starch,
glycogen and smaller polysaccharides to
maltose.
 - maltase from intestinal juice hydrolyses
maltose to glucose.
 - lactase from intestinal juice hydrolyses
lactose to glucose and galactose.
 - sucrase from intestinal juice hydrolyses
sucrose to glucose and fructose.
ABSORPTION


 Starts in the duodenum and is completed in the ileum

 Adaptations of the small intestine to absorb digested food are:
 Large surface, which...

- Small intestine is long (6.25 meter)

- It folded inward wall

- It inner surface covered with villi

- Each villus covered with microvilli

- One cell thick epithelium

- Comprehensive network of blood capillaries

- Lacteal transport away fatty acids, glycerol and oil-soluble

vitamins

Simple columnar epithelium of small


intestine
 Large Intestine
 The large intestine is the second to last part
of the digestive system.
 The final stage of the alimentary canal is the
anus in vertebrate animals.
 The large intestine consists of the cecum and
colon.
 The large intestine is about 1.5 metres (4.9 ft)
long, which is about one-fifth of the whole
length of the intestinal canal.

 The wall of the large intestine is lined with
simple columnar epithelium.


 Instead of having the evaginations of the
small intestine (villi) the large intestine
has invaginations (the intestinal glands).


 While both the small intestine and the
large intestine have goblet cells, they
are abundant in the large intestine.
 Function :
 The large intestine is responsible for absorption of
water and excretion of solid waste material.
 Food and waste material are moved along the length of
the intestine by rhythmic contractions of intestinal
muscles; these contractions are called peristaltic
movements.
 Waste is solid because most of the water has been
removed by the intestines as it travels through them.
 The large intestine simply absorbs vitamins that are
created by the bacteria inhabiting the colon.
 Store faeces to be defecated
Peristaltic movement

Peristaltic movement is initiated

by circular smooth muscles
contracting behind the chewed
material to prevent it from moving
back into the mouth, followed by a
contraction of longitudinal smooth
muscles which pushes the
digested food forward.
The end…=))