Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Disorders
Musculoskeletal System
Bones
Long, short, flat, irregular
Compact, spongy
Joints
Bursae
Muscles
Tendons
Ligaments
Musculoskeletal System
Two
divisions:
Axial
skeleton
Appendicular skeleton (inc. pelvic girdle)
Muscle
types:
Skeletal
Disorders of Bone
Spinal
deformities
Herniated intervertebral discs
Osteoporosis
Osteomyelitis
Pagets Disease (osteitis deformans)
Fractures
Spinal Deformities
Lordosis
Abnormal
Spinal Deformities
Kyphosis
Abnormal
Spinal Deformities
Scoliosis
Lateral
Spinal Deformities
Etiologies
Posture,
S/S:
fibrosis
Nucleus pulposis
Herniation
Nucleus
canal
Rupture
Pieces
Herniated Disc
S/S:
Back
pain
Paresthesias
Sciatica: inflammation of sciatic nerve, leg pain
Treatment:
PT, exercise,
correctly
Osteoporosis
Metabolic
Less
Over
disorder of bones
10 million in US affected
Post-menopausal
Bones
More
Osteoporosis
Etiology:
Genetics,
S/S:
Osteomyelitis
Acute
the skin
Infection may also spread from adjacent tissues or
blood supply
Osteomyelitis
Risk
factors:
Diabetes,
S/S:
Pagets Disease
Osteitis
Deformans
Chronic metabolic bone disease
High
Thicker
Pagets Disease
Etiology:
Unknown
S/S: graduation onset of swelling & pain
Treatment:
PT, pain
management, surgery
Medications (biphosphonates or calcitonin)
Joint replacements
Fractures
Closed/simple
Open/compound
Greenstick
Displaced
Comminuted
Segmental
Spiral
Pathological
Fractures
Etiology:
trauma or disease
S/S: usually pain and swelling
Treatment:
Rest,
decreased use
Splint, sling, cast
Surgery (ORIF, etc)
Joint Diseases
Osteoarthritis
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Gout
(gouty arthritis)
Osteoarthritis
Most
hips
Common
In
Osteoarthritis
Etiology:
Mechanical, chemical, genetic, autoimmune, metabolic
Aging seems to be important
S/S:
May be asymptomatic indefinitely
Pain, swelling, sometimes erythema, limitation of motion
Treatment:
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Chronic,
disease
Destruction
autoimmune, genetics
S/S: symmetric pain, swelling of hands & fingers,
also other LE joints, systemic (fever, fatigue, wt.
Loss)
Dx testing: Rheumatoid factor blood test
Treatment:
Antiinflammatories,
drugs
Gout
Gouty
arthritis
Chronic uric acid metabolism disorder
Uric
Gout
Etiology:
Metabolic,
S/S:
Severe
& strains
Bursitis & tendonitis
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Myasthenia Gravis (MG)
Polymyositis
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
Duchennes Muscular Dystrophy
Strain
Tearing/stretching
Etiology:
of tendon or muscle
trauma or overuse
S/S: localized pain, swelling, limitation of motion
Treatment: supportive, pain relief
immobilization, anti-inflammatories
Rarely surgery
Myasthenia Gravis
Rare,
in 15% MG patients
MG
Diagnostic
testing:
Tensilon
Treatment:
Oral
Prognosis:
times
Polymyositis
Chronic,
Polymyositis
or SLE
Multisystem, autoimmune, inflammatory disease
due to antibodies against cell nuclei
Females outnumber male patients ( 9 to 1)
Genetics may also be involved
Arthralgias are first complaint in most patients
SLE
Organ
involvement:
Skin,
Four
Malar
SLE
Treatment:
Anti-inflammatories,
Seen
only in males
Occasionally no family history
Rapidly
First
Usually
appears by 6 YOA
Cause of death: respiratory insufficiency usually
by 25 YOA
Due
Then
Neoplasms
Osteogenic
sarcoma
Chondrosarcoma
Malignant giant-cell tumor
Osteogenic Sarcoma
Most
Chondrosarcoma
2nd
cells
5-10% of all giant cell tumors are malignant
Recurs locally about 50% of the time
Only 4-5% of all bone tumors
Mostly long bones
Mostly 20-40YOA
Relatively good Px after tumor excision