Python 2

Mr Nuwan Kodagoda
Head/Department of Information Technology

Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology
GCE (A/L) ICT Training for Teachers (Last Updated on 21st March 2011)
Outcomes
Introduction to Python
Data Types and Calculations
Selection
Repetition
String Handling
Functions
Lists
File Handling
Classes
GCE (A/L) ICT Training for Teachers
Programming Languages
Programming Languages
There are hundreds of programming

languages.
Very broadly these languages are
categorized as
o
o
Low Level Languages

High Level Languages
Low Level Languages
More closer to the Architecture of the

computer.
Very difficult for us humans to use.
Machine Code
Memory
Addresses
Assembly
High Level Languages
High Level Languages are closer to

human languages.
Dim radius as integer
Dim area as integer
radius = txtRadius.text
area = 22/7*radius*radius
msgbox area
How a Computer Program works
The Program you write is executed by

the CPU.
Since the CPU can only understand
machine code your program needs to
be converted into machine code.
Dim radius as integer

Dim area as integer
radius = txtRadius.text
area = 22/7*radius*radius
msgbox area
Source
Code
C8
B7
23A7
D7
AA
89
DD
89D23
A9
F4
A9
...
Machine Code
The software that does the conversion

to machine code comes in two flavours.
Compilers
Interpreters
What is a Compiler?
A compiler converts your entire

program to machine code at one go.
After compilation you have an
executable file.
e.g. an EXE, COM file for PCs
How an Interpreter Works
An Interpreter converts your program to

machine code one instruction at a time.
Python
Python is an easy to learn, powerful

programming language.
It has efficient high-level data structures
and a simple but effective approach to
object-oriented programming.
Python is an ideal language for
scripting and rapid application
development in many areas on most
platforms.
Python Language
No variable, data type declaration

necessary (Dynamically Typed)
Case Sensitive variables
Indentation of 4 characters used for
block structures (e.g. if, while,
functions)
Program extension is .py
Runs on multiple platforms
Open Source
Python Keywords
Like most modern languages Python

has only a few keywords.
History
Developed in the early

1990s by Guido van
Rossum.
The name Python was
based a popular TV show
called the Monty Python.
Which version of Python should I use?
There are two versions of Python

available
Python 2 the latest is 2.71
Python 3 the latest is 3.2
For the ICT exam use Python 2
Some differences e.g. in Python 3 the
print is a function so print 10, 20 has to
be written as print(10,20)
Downloading Python and Installing
Operator Precedence
Operator
Description
Associatively
* / %
Multiplication/division/modulus
left-to-right
+ -
Addition/subtraction
left-to-right
Arithmetic Operators
(Python 3 only)
MCQ Question 41
r=11; y=2.5; c=4 have been assigned to

three variables
Find the value of r%3*c+10/y
MCQ Question 41
r=11; y=2.5; c=4 have been assigned to

three variables
Find the value of r%3*c+10/y
11%3*4+10/2.5
2*4+10/2.5
8+10/2.5
8+4.0
12.0
Numerical Calculations
10+20/2
(10+20)/2
Printing values in Python
print 10, Nadun, 1990

In Python 3 print is a function
print(10, Nadun, 1990)
Input Data in Python 2
no1 = int(input(Enter an int Number : ))

no2 = float(input(Enter a float Number : ))
str = raw_input(Enter a string : )
Calculations
Write a python program to input a

length in mm and convert it to inches.
25.4 mm = 1 inch
inches.py
Calculations
Write a python program to input a

temperature in Celcius and convert it to
Fahrenheit.
fahrenheit = 9/5* celcius +32
celcius.py
Selection
if (cond) then
Statement A
else
Statement B
endif
Selection
if (cond) then
Statement A
else
Statement B
endif
if cond:
Statement A
else:
Statement B
if statement
Write a program to input a mark and

display Pass if it is greater than or
equal to 50. Otherwise display Fail.
if statement
Write a program to input a number.

Display if it is an even or an odd
number.
oddeven.py
Nested if statement
if (test1) then
block1
else if (test2) then
block2
else
elseBlock
endif
endif
Nested if statement
if (test1) then
block1
else if (test2) then
block2
else
elseBlock
endif
endif
if test1:
block1
elif test2:
block2
else:
elseBlock
Nested If Statement
Grades
Write a program to input the marks of a

student and calculate the grades.
> 75 A
65 to 75 B
55 to 64 C
45 to 54 S
< 45 - W
Nested If Statement
Write a program to input an amount and

to calculate the discount as follows.
Discounts
>1000 - discount 10%
500-1000 - discount 5%
< 500 - discount 2%
MCQ Question 42
What would be the output of this

program.
MCQ Question 42
If 10<4 or 10!=4
false or true
true
j = j-y
j = 10-4
j=6
Repetition
do while (cond)
execute Statement
end while
Repetition
do while (cond)
execute Statement
end while
while cond:
execute Statement
while
Write a program to Print numbers 1 to 9
while1.py
while
Write a program to Print numbers

1,3,5,7,9
while2.py
while
Write a program to print the tables of 7.
Using For loop in Python
Range command generates a list.

A list is similar to an array, but it can
store data of different types. It also
could contain another list.
range(1,10) produces the list
[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]
for r in range(1,10):
print(r)
range(1,10,2) produces the list

[1,3,5,7,9]
for r in range(1,10,2):
print(r)
Any list can be printed in the same way

Mylist = [Java,C#, VB6,
VB.NET,Python]
for r in Mylist:
print(r)
Java
C#
VB6
VB.NET
Python
This works the same for a string

country = SRI LANKA
for r in country:
print(r)
S
R
I
L
A
N
K
A
MCQ Question 43
What would be the

output ?
MCQ Question 43
What would be the

output ?
r= 5
s=3
r = r+s
r = 5+3 = 8
s = r+3=8+3
print 11
r<25 = 11<25 false
MCQ Question 43
What would be the

output ?
r=8
s=11
r = r+s
r = 8+11 = 19
s = r+3=19+3=22
print 22
r<25 = 22<25 false
MCQ Question 43
What would be the

output ?
r=19
s=22
r = r+s
r = 19+22 = 41
s = r+3=41+3=44
print 44
r<25 = 44<25 false
MCQ Question 44
Select the correct pseudo

code for the given flow
chart
MCQ Question 45
Which of the above

statements are correct
String Manipulation
mystr = Sri Lanka

len(mystr)
mystr.upper() # upper case
mystr.upper() # lower case
mystr[0] # S
mystr[-1] # a
List Manipulation
mylist = [10, Ajith, 67.3, 78.2]

mylist[0] # 10
mylist[3] # 78.2
mylist[-1] # 78.2
mylist[-2] # 67.3
sublist = mylist[1:3] # [Ajith, 67.3]
sublist = mylist[1:] # [Ajith, 67.3, 78.2]
List Manipulation
len(mylist) #4
mylist.append(89) # adds 89
# [10, Ajith, 67.3, 78.2, 89]
mylist.sort() # sorts list
mylist.reverse() # reverses list
Break and Continue
A break statement inside a block will

cause it to exit the loop
A continue statement inside a block will
skip the remaining instructions and go
to the beginning of the loop.
Question II 3
AQ3c.py
p
y
t
h
o
n
Question II 3
pythonprogramming
(one letter per line)
AQ3d.py
Part B Question 5
1 Cat 3
2 Dog 3
3 Rat 3
BQ5b.py
Functions
A function that returns a value or does a

particular task
def cube(x):
return x*x*x
cube(10)
Functions
Write a function that converts mm to

inches
Example
Write a python program that returns the

maximum of two numbers
max(10,30) # should return 30
Importing modules and functions
import pythonprg
pythonprg.func1(3)
from pythonprg import func1,

func2
func1(3)
Assume there is a program called

pythonprg.py which has two functions
named func1() and func2()
To use these functions from another
python program we need to do the
following.
Setting PYTHONPATH
StartCMD
SET PYTHONPATH=
c:\python27;c:\python27\programs
Importing modules from IDLE
import sys
sys.path.append(c:\\python27\\programs)
Part B Question 5
BQ5b2.py
5x1=5
5 x 2 = 10
5 x 3 = 15
5 x 4 = 20
5 x 5 = 25
5 x 6 = 30
5 x 7 = 35
5 x 8 = 40
5 x 9 = 45
5 x 10 = 50
5 x 11 = 55
Question II 3
Pseudo Code for above flow chart

# Pseudo code
#x=1
# total = 0
# do while (x <= 10)
# input marks
# x=x+1
# total = total + marks
# end while
# avg = total/(x-1)
# if (avg>50) then
# display "Good"
# else
# display "Bad"
# endif
Python Code
x=1
total = 0
while x <= 10:
marks = int(input("Enter marks : "))
total = total + marks
x=x+1
avg = total/(x-1)
print "total ",total
print "avg ", avg
if avg>50:
print "Good"
else:
print "Bad"
File Handling
Python allows you to easily read and

write data files
Write data to a file
Write a sample program to store data to

a data file where commas separate
values.
datafile = open ("marks.dat","w")
datafile.write(<str>)
Read data from a file
Write a sample program to read data

from a data file where commas
separate values.
datafile = open ("marks.dat","r")
record = datafile.readline()
# split the data into a list for easier
manipulation. The comma is the seperator
mylist = record.strip(\n).split(,)
Part B Question 5
BQ5c.py
Object Oriented Program
Python Supports OO just like any other

modern programming language
Python code as usual is minimilistic
Both methods and attributes can be
accessed from outside.
Classes and Objects
A person working
In a company
Person
EmpNo
Name
Address
BasicSal
OtHrs
OtRate
CalcOtAmt
CalcNetSal
Properties
Methods
Classes and Objects
You describe the

objects details in a
Class. A class is a blue
print of an object.
House1
Blue Print
House2
House3
Classes
# Shape.py
class Rectangle:
def __init__(self,x,y):
def display(self):
import Shape
rec1 = Shape.Rectangle(10,20)
rec1.display()
Classes
# Shape.py
class Rectangle:
def __init__(self,x,y):
def display(self):
from Shape import Rectangle

rec1 = Rectangle(10,20)
rec1.display()
Circle
Write a class to represent a circle

Calculate the area pi*r^2
Calculate the perimeter 2*pi*r
MCQ 50
MCQ 50
MCQ 49
Exercises
Write a program to input a series of

numbers terminated by -999. Calculate
and print the sum of the numbers
entered.
Exercise
Write a program to input the sum of 10

numbers.
Modify the above program using a
break statement so that when the
number -999 is entered it will stop the
entering of marks
Modify the above program to ignore
negative numbers (except for -999).
Use the continue statement

Python 2

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Mr Nuwan Kodagoda

Head/Department of Information Technology

GCE (A/L) ICT Training for Teachers

There are hundreds of programming

Low Level Languages

Low Level Languages

More closer to the Architecture of the

High Level Languages

High Level Languages are closer to

How a Computer Program works

The Program you write is executed by

How a Computer Program works

Dim radius as integer

How a Computer Program works

The software that does the conversion

A compiler converts your entire

How an Interpreter Works

An Interpreter converts your program to

Python is an easy to learn, powerful

No variable, data type declaration

Like most modern languages Python

GCE (A/L) ICT Training for Teachers

Developed in the early

GCE (A/L) ICT Training for Teachers

Which version of Python should I use?

There are two versions of Python

GCE (A/L) ICT Training for Teachers

Downloading Python and Installing

GCE (A/L) ICT Training for Teachers

GCE (A/L) ICT Training for Teachers

GCE (A/L) ICT Training for Teachers

r=11; y=2.5; c=4 have been assigned to

GCE (A/L) ICT Training for Teachers

r=11; y=2.5; c=4 have been assigned to

GCE (A/L) ICT Training for Teachers

GCE (A/L) ICT Training for Teachers

Printing values in Python

print 10, Nadun, 1990

GCE (A/L) ICT Training for Teachers

Input Data in Python 2

no1 = int(input(Enter an int Number : ))

GCE (A/L) ICT Training for Teachers

Write a python program to input a

GCE (A/L) ICT Training for Teachers

Write a python program to input a

GCE (A/L) ICT Training for Teachers

GCE (A/L) ICT Training for Teachers

GCE (A/L) ICT Training for Teachers

Write a program to input a mark and

GCE (A/L) ICT Training for Teachers

Write a program to input a number.

GCE (A/L) ICT Training for Teachers

GCE (A/L) ICT Training for Teachers

GCE (A/L) ICT Training for Teachers

GCE (A/L) ICT Training for Teachers

Write a program to input the marks of a

GCE (A/L) ICT Training for Teachers

Write a program to input an amount and

GCE (A/L) ICT Training for Teachers

What would be the output of this

GCE (A/L) ICT Training for Teachers

GCE (A/L) ICT Training for Teachers