To Mass Transfer

Introduction
to
Mass
Transfer
Outline
1. Mass Transfer Mechanisms
1. Molecular Diffusion
2. Convective Mass Transfer
2. Ficks Law for Molecular Diffusion

3. Molecular Diffusion in Gases
3. Equimolar Counterdiffusion
4. Combined Diffusion and Convection
5. Uni-component Diffusion
Mass Transfer Mechanisms
. Convective Mass Transfer
2. Diffusion
http://www.timedomaincvd.com/CVD_Fundamentals/xprt/xprt_con
Mass Transfer Mechanisms

3. Convective and Diffusion
http://www.timedomaincvd.com/CVD_Fundamentals/xprt/xprt_con
Outline

Ficks Law for Molecular

Diffusion
Well
first consider diffusion of molecules
when the bulk fluid is not moving
For a binary mixture of A and B
Molecular Transport
Equations
RECALL:
driving force
rate of transport =
resistance
d(vx )
yx
dy
MOMENTUM
qy
A
d( cpT)
dy
HEAT
*
Ay
dcA
DAB
dy
MASS
Ficks Law for Molecular

Diffusion
Example
A mixture of He and N2 gas is collected
in a pipe at 298 K and 1 atm total
pressure which is constant throughout.
At one end of the pipe at point 1 the
partial pressure pA1 of He is 0.60 atm
and at the other end 0.2 m pA2 = 0.20
atm. Calculate the flux of He at steady
state if DAB of the He-N2 mixture is
Convective Mass Transfer

Coefficient

For fluids in convective flow
is very similar to h,
What factors influence ?
Outline

Molecular Diffusion in Gases

Equimolar Counterdiffusion
A
Flux
of
one
gaseous
component
is
equal to but in the
opposite direction
of
the
second
gaseous
component

At constant pressure,
Then,
and
Ficks law for B,

Substitution of Ficks law
A
into the equation
for equimolar counter diffusio


For gases,
A

In terms of mole fraction,
A

Example
A large tank filled with a mixture of methane and air is
connected to a second tank filled with a different
composition of methane and air. Both tanks are at 100
kN/m2 and 0C. The connection between the tanks is a
tube of 2 mm inside diameter and 150 mm long.
Calculate the steady state rate of transport of methane
through the tube when the concentration of methane is
90 mole percent in one tank and 5 mole percent in the
other. Assume that transport between the tanks is by
molecular diffusion. The mass diffusivity of methane in
air at 0C and 100 kN/m2 is 1.57 x 10-5 m2/s.

Diffusion plus Convection
Multiplying by ,

Total
convective flux of A
wrt stationary pt
Diffusion flux
wrt moving fluid
Convective flux
wrt to stationary poin

Solving for ,
Replacing and ,
)


Uni-component Diffusion
One component (A)diffuses,

while the other (B) remains stagnant
Since B cannot diffuse,
http://sst-web.tees.ac.uk/external/U0000504/Notes/ProcessPrinciples/Diffusion/Default.htm

Since B cannot diffuse,


When P is constant,

Example
Water in the bottom of a
narrow metal tune is held a t a
constant temperature of 293
K. The total pressure of air
(assumed dry) is 1.01325
105 Pa and the temperature is
293 K. evaporates and diffuses through the air in the
Water
tube, and the diffusion path z2-z1 is 0.1524m long.
Calculate the rate of evaporation of water vapor at 293
K and 1 atm pressure. The diffusivity of water in air is
0.250 x 10-4 m2/s. Assume that the system is
Long Exam Results

LE 1
LE 2
Mean
33.32
36.55
Median
32.00
30.75
Mode
39.00
25.50
Passing
Rate
0.00
9.09

Quizzes
Student
No.
Total Q 5/5
2011-18077 30
1.50
2011-57319 46
2.30
2010-04141 36
1.80
2010-01283 26
1.30
2010-31873 47
2.35
2011-07217 26
1.30
2011-03676 50
2.50
2010-36588 23
1.15
2011-18143 31
1.55
2011-18147 31
1.55
2011-09522 33
1.65
2011-30507 23
1.15
2011-09270 19
0.95
2010-53270 36
1.80
2011-14930 61
3.05
2009-21119 8
0.40
2011-21884 48
2.40
2011-19280 9
0.45
2011-26790 104
5.20
2010-21409 14
0.70
2011-01530 57
2.85
Machine
Problems
M
Total* 15/15
240
240
240
240
240
240
240
240
240
240
240
240
240
240
240
240
240
240
240
240
240
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
Target Average Scores

L
F
LE3 60/60 Final 20/20
82
90
82
89
85
67
93
92
73
77
102
88
81
74
51
99
70
92
45
100
65
30.4
27.8
31
29.1
29
33.3
26.9
28.7
31.9
31.3
26
29.6
30.9
31.6
35
28.1
32.1
29.5
34.1
27.3
32.5
82
90
82
89
85
67
93
92
73
77
102
88
81
74
51
99
70
92
45
100
65
16.4
18.0
16.4
17.8
17.0
13.4
18.6
18.4
14.6
15.4
20.4
17.6
16.2
14.8
10.2
19.8
14.0
18.4
9.0
20.0
13.0

To Mass Transfer

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To Mass Transfer

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Introduction

2. Ficks Law for Molecular Diffusion

Mass Transfer Mechanisms

. Convective Mass Transfer

Mass Transfer Mechanisms

2. Ficks Law for Molecular Diffusion

Ficks Law for Molecular

For a binary mixture of A and B

Ficks Law for Molecular

Convective Mass Transfer

What factors influence ?

2. Ficks Law for Molecular Diffusion

Molecular Diffusion in Gases

Molecular Diffusion in Gases

Molecular Diffusion in Gases

into the equation

for equimolar counter diffusio

Molecular Diffusion in Gases

Molecular Diffusion in Gases

Molecular Diffusion in Gases

Molecular Diffusion in Gases

Molecular Diffusion in Gases

Molecular Diffusion in Gases

Molecular Diffusion in Gases

Molecular Diffusion in Gases

Molecular Diffusion in Gases

One component (A)diffuses,

Since B cannot diffuse,

Molecular Diffusion in Gases

Since B cannot diffuse,

Molecular Diffusion in Gases

Molecular Diffusion in Gases

Molecular Diffusion in Gases

Long Exam Results

Target Average Scores

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