COMPASS ERROR

PROPERTIES OF MAGNET
Every magnet has North (N) Pole and
South (S) Pole without exception
Magnetic strength is strongest at the
poles and weakest at the middle of
magnet
Like poles REPEL and unlike poles
ATTRACT
Magnets attract magnetic materials as
iron, Steel, etc.
The closer they are, the greater the
magnetic force between them
Magnetic Field flow from N Pole to S Pole
in Air and from S Pole to N Pole within
the magnet

CEBU GEMS
Review Center

EARTHS MAGNETISM
Earth behaves like a giant bar of Magnet
If the (North) needle of your compass is
pointing North that means it is attracted by
Magnetic South Pole
What we call Earth's Magnetic North Pole is
actually theSouthPole of the Magnet inside
Earth
Position of Earths Magnetic North is
constantly changing and does not coincide
with Earths axis or Geographic True North
The difference between Magnetic north"
and True north" is an angle that varies
slightly from place to place is called
VARIATION

CEBU GEMS
Review Center

COMPASS VARIATION

CEBU GEMS
Review Center

Compass Variation varies depending

on position on the Earth's surface,
and changes over time
Variation is East when True heading
is greater than the Magnetic
Compass heading
Isogonic linesare lines on the
Earth's surface along which the
Variation has the same constant
value
Agonic lines are lines on the Earth's
surface along which the Variation is
Zero

COMPASS DEVIATION

CEBU GEMS
Review Center

It refers to the error in a compass reading

induced by nearby metallic objects, such as
on board a ship or aircraft.
It varies depending on Ships Heading.

GYRO COMPASS & ERROR

AGyro Compassis a type of nonmagneticcompass which is based on a fastspinning disc and rotation of theEarth to
automatically find geographicaldirection.
They findTrue Northas determined byEarth's
rotation
They are unaffected byferromagnetic materials,
such as ship'ssteelhull, which change
themagnetic field
The Gyro is subject to course, speed and latitude
errors.
To avoid confusion with magnetic errors, gyro error
is named high (H) or low (L).
Gyro error is named High (or West) when the Gyro
Course or Bearing is higher than the True Course
or Bearing

CEBU GEMS
Review Center

CORRECTING & UNCORRECTING

CEBU GEMS
Review Center

CORRECTING COMPASS

UNCORRECTING COMPASS

CAN

TRUE

DEAD

VIRGIN

MAN

MAKES

VOTE

D
DULL
C
COMPANION
AT WEDDING (+ WEST / EAST)

T
TWICE
AT ELECTION (+EAST / WEST)

CORRECTING & UNCORRECTING

CEBU GEMS
Review Center

Add East

CADET
Compass

True

CORRECTING & UNCORRECTING

CEBU GEMS
Review Center

Compass Best = Error

West
Compass Least = Error
East

CEBU GEMS
Review Center

Your vessel is proceeding down a channel,

and you see pair of range lights that are
in line dead ahead. The chart indicates
that the direction of this pair of lights is
229 T, and variation is 6 W. If the
heading of your vessel at the time of the
sighting is 232 per standard magnetic
compass, what is the correct deviation?

CEBU GEMS
Review Center

SOLUTION

T / = 229
Var

6 W

M/ = 235
Dev.
C/C

3 E

= 232

CEBU GEMS
Review Center

What is the deviation of the compass, heading when the

compass bearing of two beacons in range is 336 and
the plotted range is 332 , the variation in the locality is
1 E?
A. 5 E
B. 5 W
C. 4 E
D. 4 W

CEBU GEMS
Review Center

T/ = 332
Var. =

1 E ( - )

M/ = 331
Dev.=

5W ( + )

C/ = 336

CEBU GEMS
Review Center

You wish to check the deviation of your magnetic

compass heading which is 026. Your gyrocompass
reads 034. The gyro error is 1 W, and the variation of
the locality is 9 E. What is the deviation of the magnetic
compass heading?
A. 2 E
B. 4 W
C. 2 W
D. 9 E

CEBU GEMS
Review Center

SOLUTION
G/Co = 034
G/E =

1 W ( - )

T/Co = 033
C/Co = 026 ( - )
C/E =
VAR =
DEV

7 E
9 E ( - )
2 W

CEBU GEMS
Review Center

Your vessel is proceeding up a channel steering on a

pair of range lights that are in line ahead. The chart
indicates that the direction of this pair of lights is 249 T,
and the variation is 14 W. If the heading of your vessel
at the time of the sighting is 266 per standard magnetic
compass, what is the correct deviation?
A. 5 W
B. 3 W
C. 5 E
D. 9 W

CEBU GEMS
Review Center

T/ = 249
C/Co = 266
C/E = 17 W
Var. = 14 W ( - )
DEV =

3 W

CEBU GEMS
Review Center

While entering a harbor on a course of 225 per

gyrocompass, you take a bearing on a pair of
range lights and get 220 per gyrocompass. The
bearing on the chart is 217 T. The variation for
the area is 6 W and deviation is 2 W. What
course would you steer per gyrocompass to
make a good true course of 232 ?
A. 229 pgc
B. 243 pgc
C. 240 pgc

CEBU GEMS
Review Center

SOLUTION

G / = 220 pgc
T / = 217
G/E =

3 W

T / C = 232
G / C = 235 pgc

CEBU GEMS
Review Center

The observe Gyro heading is 095. The suns azimuth

indicates a gyro error of 1 low. If the variation is 12 E
and the compass course is 095, how much is the
deviation?
A. 11 W
B. 11 E
C. 10 E
D. 10 W

CEBU GEMS
Review Center

SOLUTION
G/Co. = 095
G/E

1 Low (E)

T/Co

= 096

Var.

12 E

M/Co = 084
Dev.

11 W

C/Co = 095

CEBU GEMS
Review Center

What is the deviation of the compass on heading 053

when steering 044 PSC to a beacon in range dead
ahead with variation in the locality of 4 W?
A. 5 E
B. 13 E
C. 13 W
D. 5 W

CEBU GEMS
Review Center

SOLUTION

T/Co. = 044
Var.

4 W ( + )

M/Co. = 048
Dev.

5 W ( + )

C/Co. = 053

CEBU GEMS
Review Center

6. A vessels course is 169 per gyro compass. The

variation for the locality is 22 East. The deviation is 4
West, gyro error is 3 East. What is the true course?
A. 154
B. 157
C. 172
D. 166

CEBU GEMS
Review Center

CEBU GEMS
Review Center

Your vessel is proceeding up a channel, and you see a

pair of range lights that are in line ahead. The chart
indicates that the direction of this pair of lights is 014 T,
and the variation is 11 E. If the heading of your vessel
at the time of the sighting is 009 per standard magnetic
compass, what is the correct deviation?
A. 5 E
B. 6 E
C. 5 W
D. 6 W

CEBU GEMS
Review Center