Transformers

(SINGLE PHASE)

Transformer

A transformer is an electrical device

which transfers electrical energy from
one electric circuit to another without
changing the frequency. Transformers
either increases or decreases AC
voltage.

Type of Transformer

Core Type Transformer

In core type transformer, windings are

cylindrical former wound, mounted on
the core limbs. The cylindrical coils have
different layers and each layer is
insulated from each other. Materials like
paper, cloth or mica can be used for
insulation. Low voltage windings are
placed nearer to the core, as they are
easier to insulate.

Shell Type Transformer

The coils are former wound and

mounted in layers stacked with
insulation between them. A shell type
transformer may have simple
rectangular form, or it may have a
distributed form.

Uses of Transformers

It can rise or lower the level of Voltage or Current

(when voltage increases, current decreases and
vice versa because P(power) = V(Voltage) x
I(Ampere), and Power is same) in an AC Circuit.
It can increase or decrease the value of capacitor,
an inductor or resistance in an AC circuit. It can
thus act as an impedance transferring device.
It can be used to prevent DC from passing from
one circuit to the other.
it can isolate two circuits electrically

Parts of a single phase

Transformer

SINGLE PHASE
Transformer

SINGLE PHASE

A single-phase transformer is a type

of power transformer that utilizes singlephase alternating current, meaning the
transformer relies on a voltage cycle that
operates in a unified time phase.

Uses of SINGLE PHASE

Single-phase transformers are often

used to supply power for residential
lighting, receptacle, air-conditioning, and
heating needs.
Single phase transformers can be made
even more versatile by having both the
primary winding and secondary winding
made in two equal parts. (series or
parallel configurations)

Primary and Secondary Winding

Primary Winding

In a transformer, the winding is

directly connected to the input power.
One or more secondary windings
provide the output to the load or loads.

Secondary Winding

In a transformer, the winding provides

the output to the load or loads. There
may be multiple secondary windings,
while the winding that is
directly connected to the input power is
the primary winding.

FLC(Full Load Current)

The greatest current that a circuit or

piece of equipment is designed to
carry under specified conditions.

FLC is used when you size breaker size and

wire size for motors.
K Kilo
V Volts
A Ampere
W Watt is a measurement of real power

FLC Chart

Connections of
Transformers(Single Phase)

Buck And Boost

Transformer

Buck-Boost Transformers

Buck-Boost transformers are small, single

phase, dry type distribution transformers
designed and shipped as insulating/isolating
transformers. They have a dual voltage
primary and a dual voltage secondary.

Buck-Boost Transformers

A buck-boost transformer is classified as an

autotransformer. A buck-boost transformer
provides a means of rising (boosting) or
lowering (bucking) a supply line voltage by
a small amount (usually no more than 20
percent).
The most common example is boosting from
208 volts to 230 volts, usually to operate a
230 volt motor such as an air-conditioner
compressor, from a 208 volt supply line.

Advantages of Buck-boost
transformers

low cost
compact size
light weight
more efficient
versatile, many applications
5-10 times increase in KVA

Disadvantage of Buck-boost
transformers

No circuit isolation
Cannot create a neutral
KVA and voltages do not match on the
nameplate

Buck and Boost Ratings

Single-phase connection diagrams for buck or

boost transformers connected as autotransformers
to change 240 volts single-phase to 208 volts and
vice versa.

Operation on a Single Phase

Transformer

1. As soon as the primary winding is connected to the single

phase as supply, an ac current
starts flowing through it.

2. The ac primary current produces an alternating flux in the

core.

3. Most of this changing flux gets linked with the secondary

winding through the core.

4. The varying flux will induce voltage into the secondary

winding according to the Faradays
laws of electromagnetic induction.

Vacuum Pressure

Vacuum Pressure

Used to control the amount

of positive and negative
pressure a transformer
tank has on it.

Maintenance
Yearly check the transformer
Check vacuum pressure gauge for pressure reading
Check oil level
Check temperature maximum and minimum
Check for leaks
Check paint condition
Check transformer top and radiators for foreign
material
Check radiator condition
Check fans and cooling systems