Chapter 7: DATA Step Programming: 7.1 Reading SAS Data Sets and Creating Variables

Chapter 7: DATA Step Programming
7.1 Reading SAS Data Sets and Creating Variables
7.2 Conditional Processing
7.3 Dropping and Keeping Variables (Self-Study)

7.4 Reading Excel Spreadsheets Containing Date Fields
(Self-Study)


(Self-Study)
Objectives
Create a SAS data set using another SAS data set

as input.
Create SAS variables.
Use operators and SAS functions to manipulate
data values.
Control which variables are included in a
SAS data set.
Reading a SAS Data Set

Create a temporary SAS data set named onboard
from the permanent SAS data named ia.dfwlax
and create a variable that represents the total passengers
on board.
Sum FirstClass and Economy values to compute
Total.
SAS date values
New
ia.dfwlax
Variable
Flight Date
Dest
439
921
114
LAX
DFW
LAX
14955
14955
14956
FirstClass Economy
20
20
15
137
131
170

To create a SAS data set using a SAS data set as
input, you must use the following:
DATA statement to start a DATA step and name
the SAS data set being created (output data set:
onboard)
SET statement to identify the SAS data set being
read (input data set: ia.dfwlax)
To create a variable, you must use an assignment
statement to add the values of the variables
FirstClass and Economy and assign the sum
to the variable Total.

General form of a DATA step:
DATA
DATAoutput-SAS-data-set;
output-SAS-data-set;
SET
SET input-SAS-data-set;
input-SAS-data-set;
<additional
<additionalSAS
SASstatements>
statements>
RUN;
RUN;
By default, the SET statement reads all of the following:
observations from the input SAS data set
variables from the input SAS data set
Assignment Statements
An assignment statement does the following:
evaluates an expression
assigns the resulting value to a variable
General form of an assignment statement:
variable=expression;
variable=expression;
SAS Expressions
An expression contains operands and operators
that form a set of instructions that produce a value.
Operands are
variable names
constants.
Operators are
symbols that request
arithmetic calculations
SAS functions.
Using Operators
Selected operators for basic arithmetic calculations
in an assignment statement:
Compiling the DATA Step

libname ia 'SAS-data-library';
data onboard;
set ia.dfwlax;
Total=FirstClass+Economy;
run;
PDV
10
c07s1d1
...
Compiling the DATA Step

libname ia 'SAS-data-library';
data onboard;
set ia.dfwlax;
run;
PDV
11
c07s1d1
...
Executing the DATA Step
ia.dfwlax
data onboard;
PDV is
set ia.dfwlax;
Total=FirstClass+Economy;initialized
run;
PDV
Flight Date
.
Dest FirstClass Economy Total

.
.
.
onboard
Flight Date
12

...
PDV
ia.dfwlax
data onboard;
set ia.dfwlax;
run;
onboard
Flight Date
13

...
PDV
ia.dfwlax
data onboard;
set ia.dfwlax;
run;
onboard
Flight Date
14

...
PDV
data onboard;
set ia.dfwlax;
run;
Flight Date
15
ia.dfwlax

...
PDV
ia.dfwlax
data onboard;
set ia.dfwlax;
run;
onboard Automatic output

Flight Date
16

...
ia.dfwlax
Automatic Return
PDV
data onboard;
set ia.dfwlax;
run;

Flight Date
17

...
ia.dfwlax
Reinitialize Total
to missing
PDV
data onboard;
set ia.dfwlax;
run;
onboard
Flight Date
18

...
PDV
ia.dfwlax
data onboard;
set ia.dfwlax;
run;
onboard
19
...
PDV
ia.dfwlax
data onboard;
set ia.dfwlax;
run;
onboard
20
...
PDV
ia.dfwlax
data onboard;
set ia.dfwlax;
run;
onboard
21
...
PDV
ia.dfwlax
data onboard;
set ia.dfwlax;
run;
onboard Automatic Output

Flight Date
439
12/11/00 LAX
20
137
157
22
...
ia.dfwlax
Automatic return
PDV
data onboard;
set ia.dfwlax;
run;

Flight Date
439
12/11/00 LAX
20
137
157
23
...
Continue until
end of file
PDV
onboard
24
ia.dfwlax
data onboard;
set ia.dfwlax;
run;
Assignment Statements
proc print data=onboard;
format Date date9.;
run;
The SAS System
Obs
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
25
Flight
439
921
114
982
439
982
431
982
114
982
Date
11DEC2000
11DEC2000
12DEC2000
12DEC2000
13DEC2000
13DEC2000
14DEC2000
14DEC2000
15DEC2000
15DEC2000
Dest
LAX
DFW
LAX
dfw
LAX
DFW
LaX
DFW
LAX
DFW
First
Class
20
20
15
5
14
15
17
7
.
14
Why is Total missing in observation 9?
Economy
Total
137
131
170
85
196
116
166
88
187
31
157
151
185
90
210
131
183
95
.
45
c07s1d1
Using SAS Functions

A SAS function is a routine that returns a value
that is determined from specified arguments.
General form of a SAS function:
function-name(argument1,argument2,
function-name(argument1,argument2,.. ...).)
Example:
Total=sum(FirstClass,Economy);
26
Using SAS Functions

SAS functions can do the following:
perform arithmetic operations
compute sample statistics (for example: sum, mean,
and standard deviation)
manipulate SAS dates and process character values
perform many other tasks
Sample statistics functions ignore missing values.
27
Using the SUM Function

data onboard;
set ia.dfwlax;
run;
28
c07s1d2
Using the SUM Function

format Date date9.;
run;
The SAS System
Obs
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
29
Flight
439
921
114
982
439
982
431
982
114
982
Date
11DEC2000
11DEC2000
12DEC2000
12DEC2000
13DEC2000
13DEC2000
14DEC2000
14DEC2000
15DEC2000
15DEC2000
Dest
LAX
DFW
LAX
dfw
LAX
DFW
LaX
DFW
LAX
DFW
First
Class
20
20
15
5
14
15
17
7
.
14
Economy
Total
137
131
170
85
196
116
166
88
187
31
157
151
185
90
210
131
183
95
187
45
c07s1d2
Using Date Functions

You can use SAS date functions to do the following:
create SAS date values
extract information from SAS date values
30
Date Functions: Create SAS Dates

TODAY()
obtains the date value from

the system clock.
MDY(month,day,year) uses numeric month, day, and

year values to return the
corresponding SAS date value.
31
Date Functions: Extracting Information

YEAR(SAS-date)
extracts the year from a SAS date

and returns a four-digit value for
year.
QTR(SAS-date)
extracts the quarter from a SAS

date and returns a number from
1 to 4.
MONTH(SAS-date)
extracts the month from a SAS

date and returns a number from
1 to 12.
WEEKDAY(SAS-date) extracts the day of the week from

a SAS date and returns a number
from 1 to 7, where 1 represents
Sunday, and so on.
32
Using the WEEKDAY Function

Add an assignment statement to the DATA step to
create a variable that shows the day of the week
that the flight occurred.
data onboard;
set ia.dfwlax;
DayOfWeek=weekday(Date);
run;
Print the data set, but do not display the variables
FirstClass and Economy.
33
c07s1d3
Using the WEEKDAY Function

var Flight Dest Total DayOfWeek Date;
format Date weekdate.;
run;
The SAS System
Obs
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
34
Flight
439
921
114
982
439
982
431
982
114
982
Dest
LAX
DFW
LAX
dfw
LAX
DFW
LaX
DFW
LAX
DFW
Total
Day
Of
Week
157
151
185
90
210
131
183
95
187
45
2
2
3
3
4
4
5
5
6
6
Date
Monday,
Monday,
Tuesday,
Tuesday,
Wednesday,
Wednesday,
Thursday,
Thursday,
Friday,
Friday,
December
December
December
December
December
December
December
December
December
December
11,
11,
12,
12,
13,
13,
14,
14,
15,
15,
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
What if you do not want the variables FirstClass

and Economy in the data set?
c07s1d3
Selecting Variables
You can use a DROP or KEEP statement
in a DATA step to control which variables
are written to the new SAS data set.
General form of DROP and KEEP statements:
DROP
DROPvariables;
variables;
KEEP
KEEPvariables;
variables;
35
Selecting Variables
Equivalent
Do not store the variables FirstClass and

Economy in the onboard data set.
data onboard;
set ia.dfwlax;
drop FirstClass Economy;
run;
keep Flight Date Dest Total;
D
PDV
Flight Date Dest FirstClass Economy Total
.
.
.
.
36
c07s1d4
Selecting Variables
format Date date9.;
run;
The SAS System
Obs
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
37
Flight
439
921
114
982
439
982
431
982
114
982
Date
11DEC2000
11DEC2000
12DEC2000
12DEC2000
13DEC2000
13DEC2000
14DEC2000
14DEC2000
15DEC2000
15DEC2000
Dest
Total
LAX
DFW
LAX
dfw
LAX
DFW
LaX
DFW
LAX
DFW
157
151
185
90
210
131
183
95
187
45
c07s1d4
Selecting Variables
proc contents data=onboard;
run;
Partial Output
Alphabetic List of Variables and Attributes
38
Variable
Type
Len
2
3
1
4
Date
Dest
Flight
Total
Num
Char
Char
Num
8
3
3
8
Exercises
This exercise reinforces the concepts discussed
previously.
39


(Self-Study)
40
Objectives
41
Execute statements conditionally using IF-THEN logic.

Control the length of character variables explicitly with
the LENGTH statement.
Select rows to include in a SAS data set.
Use SAS date constants.
Conditional Execution
International Airlines wants to compute revenue for
Los Angeles and Dallas flights based on the prices
in the table below.
DESTINATION CLASS
LAX
First
Economy
DFW
First
Economy
42
AIRFARE
2000
1200
1500
900
General form of IF-THEN and ELSE statements:
IF
IFexpression
expressionTHEN
THENstatement;
statement;
ELSE
ELSE statement;
statement;
An expression contains operands and operators that form
a set of instructions that produce a value.
Operands are
variable names
constants.
43
Operators are
symbols that request
a comparison
a logical operation
an arithmetic calculation
SAS functions.
Only one executable statement is allowed in an IF-THEN
or ELSE statement.
Compute revenue figures based on flight destination.
DESTINATION CLASS
AIRFARE
LAX
First
2000
Economy
1200
DFW
First
1500
Economy
900
data flightrev;
set ia.dfwlax;
if Dest='LAX' then
Revenue=sum(2000*FirstClass,1200*Economy);
else if Dest='DFW' then
run;
44
c07s2d1
data flightrev;
set ia.dfwlax;
if Dest='LAX' then
run;
PDV (First Observation)
Flight Date Dest First Economy Total Revenue
Class
439
14955 LAX
20
137
157
.
45
...
data flightrev; TRUE
set ia.dfwlax;
if Dest='LAX' then
run;
Class
439
14955 LAX
20
137
157
.
46
...
data flightrev; TRUE
set ia.dfwlax;
if Dest='LAX' then
run;
47
...
data flightrev;
set ia.dfwlax;
if Dest='LAX' then
run;
Class
439
14955 LAX
20
137
157 204400
48
...
data flightrev;
set ia.dfwlax;
if Dest='LAX' then
run;
PDV (Fourth Observation)
Class
982
14956 dfw
5
85
90
.
49
...
data flightrev; FALSE
set ia.dfwlax;
if Dest='LAX' then
run;
Class
982
14956 dfw
5
85
90
.
50
...
data flightrev;
set ia.dfwlax;
if Dest='LAX' then
run;
Class
982
14956 dfw
5
85
90
.
51
...
data flightrev; FALSE
set ia.dfwlax;
if Dest='LAX' then
run;
Class
982
14956 dfw
5
85
90
.
52
...
data flightrev;
set ia.dfwlax;
if Dest='LAX' then
run;
Class
982
14956 dfw
5
85
90
.
53
...
proc print data=flightrev;
format Date date9.;
run;
The SAS System
Obs
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Flight
439
921
114
982
439
982
431
982
114
982
Date
11DEC2000
11DEC2000
12DEC2000
12DEC2000
13DEC2000
13DEC2000
14DEC2000
14DEC2000
15DEC2000
15DEC2000
Dest
LAX
DFW
LAX
dfw
LAX
DFW
LaX
DFW
LAX
DFW
First
Class
20
20
15
5
14
15
17
7
.
14
Economy
Total
Revenue
137
131
170
85
196
116
166
88
187
31
157
151
185
90
210
131
183
95
187
45
204400
147900
234000
.
263200
126900
.
89700
224400
48900
Why are two Revenue values missing?

54
c07s2d1
The UPCASE Function

You can use the UPCASE function to convert letters
from lowercase to uppercase.
General form of the UPCASE function:
UPCASE
UPCASE (argument)
(argument)
55
Use the UPCASE function to convert the Dest values
to uppercase for the comparison.
data flightrev;
set ia.dfwlax;
if upcase(Dest)='LAX' then
else if upcase(Dest)='DFW' then
run;
56
c07s2d2
data flightrev;
set ia.dfwlax;
run;
Flight Date
982
57
Dest First Economy Total Revenue

Class
14956 dfw
5
85
90
.
...
data flightrev;
set ia.dfwlax;
run;
upcase('dfw')='DFW'
Flight Date
982
58

Class
14956 dfw
5
85
90
.
...
FALSE
data flightrev;
set ia.dfwlax;
run;
upcase('dfw')='DFW'
Flight Date
982
59

Class
14956 dfw
5
85
90
.
...
data flightrev;
set ia.dfwlax;
run;
upcase('dfw')='DFW'
Flight Date
982
60

Class
14956 dfw
5
85
90
.
...
TRUE
data flightrev;
set ia.dfwlax;
run;
Flight Date
982
61
upcase('dfw')='DFW'

Class
14956 dfw
5
85
90
84000
format Date date9.;
run;
The SAS System
Obs
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
62
Flight
439
921
114
982
439
982
431
982
114
982
Date
11DEC2000
11DEC2000
12DEC2000
12DEC2000
13DEC2000
13DEC2000
14DEC2000
14DEC2000
15DEC2000
15DEC2000
Dest
LAX
DFW
LAX
dfw
LAX
DFW
LaX
DFW
LAX
DFW
First
Class
20
20
15
5
14
15
17
7
.
14
Economy
Total
Revenue
137
131
170
85
196
116
166
88
187
31
157
151
185
90
210
131
183
95
187
45
204400
147900
234000
84000
263200
126900
233200
89700
224400
48900
c07s2d2
You can use the DO and END statements to
execute a group of statements based on a condition.
General form of the DO and END statements:
IF
IF expression
expressionTHEN
THENDO;
DO;
executable
executablestatements
statements
END;
END;
ELSE
ELSEDO;
DO;
executable
executablestatements
statements
END;
END;
63
Use DO and END statements to execute a group
of statements based on a condition.
data flightrev;
set ia.dfwlax;
if upcase(Dest)='DFW' then do;
City='Dallas';
end;
else if upcase(Dest)='LAX' then do;
City='Los Angeles';
end;
run;
64
c07s2d3
var Dest City Flight Date Revenue;
format Date date9.;
run;
The SAS System
Obs
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
65
Dest
LAX
DFW
LAX
dfw
LAX
DFW
LaX
DFW
LAX
DFW
City
Flight
Los An
Dallas
Los An
Dallas
Los An
Dallas
Los An
Dallas
Los An
Dallas
439
921
114
982
439
982
431
982
114
982
Why are City values truncated?
Date
Revenue
11DEC2000
11DEC2000
12DEC2000
12DEC2000
13DEC2000
13DEC2000
14DEC2000
14DEC2000
15DEC2000
15DEC2000
204400
147900
234000
84000
263200
126900
233200
89700
224400
48900
c07s2d3
Variable Lengths
At compile time, the length of a variable is determined
the first time that the variable is encountered.
data flightrev;
set ia.dfwlax;
City='Dallas';
end;
City='Los Angeles';
end;
run;
66
...
Variable Lengths
At compile time, the length of a variable is determined
the first time that the variable is encountered.
data flightrev;
set ia.dfwlax;
City='Dallas';
end;
Six characters between
City='Los Angeles';
the quotation marks:
end;
Length=6
run;
67
...
The LENGTH Statement

You can use the LENGTH statement to define
the length of a variable explicitly.
General form of the LENGTH statement:
LENGTH
LENGTH variable(s)
variable(s) $$length;
length;
Example:
length City $ 11;
68

data flightrev;
set ia.dfwlax;
length City $ 11;
City='Dallas';
end;
City='Los Angeles';
end;
run;
69
c07s2d4

var Dest City Flight Date Revenue;
format Date date9.;
run;
The SAS System
70
Obs
Dest
City
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
LAX
DFW
LAX
dfw
LAX
DFW
LaX
DFW
LAX
DFW
Los Angeles
Dallas
Los Angeles
Dallas
Los Angeles
Dallas
Los Angeles
Dallas
Los Angeles
Dallas
Flight
439
921
114
982
439
982
431
982
114
982
Date
Revenue
11DEC2000
11DEC2000
12DEC2000
12DEC2000
13DEC2000
13DEC2000
14DEC2000
14DEC2000
15DEC2000
15DEC2000
204400
147900
234000
84000
263200
126900
233200
89700
224400
48900
c07s2d4
Subsetting Rows
In a DATA step, you can subset the rows (observations) in
a SAS data set with the following statements:
WHERE statement
DELETE statement
subsetting IF statement
The WHERE statement in a DATA step is the same

as the WHERE statement you saw in a PROC step.
71
Deleting Rows
You can use a DELETE statement to control which
rows are not written to the SAS data set.
General form of the DELETE statement:
IF
IF expression
expressionTHEN
THENDELETE;
DELETE;
The expression can be any SAS expression.
The DELETE statement is valid only in a DATA step.
72
Deleting Rows
Delete rows that have a Total value that is less than
or equal to 175.
data over175;
set ia.dfwlax;
length City $ 11;
if Total le 175 then delete;
City='Dallas';
end;
City='Los Angeles';
end;
run;
73
c07s2d5
Deleting Rows
proc print data=over175;
var Dest City Flight Date Total Revenue;
format Date date9.;
run;
The SAS System
74
Obs
Dest
1
2
3
4
LAX
LAX
LaX
LAX
City
Los
Los
Los
Los
Angeles
Angeles
Angeles
Angeles
Flight
114
439
431
114
Date
12DEC2000
13DEC2000
14DEC2000
15DEC2000
Total
Revenue
185
210
183
187
234000
263200
233200
224400
c07s2d5
Selecting Rows
You can use a subsetting IF statement to control
which rows are written to the SAS data set.
General form of the subsetting IF statement:
IF
IFexpression;
expression;
The expression can be any SAS expression.
The subsetting IF statement is valid only
in a DATA step.
75
Process Flow of a Subsetting IF

Subsetting IF:
DATA Statement
Read Observation
or Record
IF Expression
False
True
Continue Processing
Observation
Output Observation
to SAS Data Set
76
Selecting Rows
Select rows that have a Total value that is greater
than 175.
data over175;
set ia.dfwlax;
length City $ 11;
if Total gt 175;
City='Dallas';
end;
City='Los Angeles';
end;
run;
77
c07s2d6
Selecting Rows
format Date date9.;
run;
The SAS System
78
Obs
Dest
1
2
3
4
LAX
LAX
LaX
LAX
City
Los
Los
Los
Los
Angeles
Angeles
Angeles
Angeles
Flight
114
439
431
114
Date
12DEC2000
13DEC2000
14DEC2000
15DEC2000
Total
Revenue
185
210
183
187
234000
263200
233200
224400
c07s2d6
Selecting Rows
The variable Date in the ia.dfwlax data set
contains SAS date values (numeric values).
01JAN1960
01JAN1961
14DEC2000
366
???
01/01/1961
12/14/2000
store
0
display
01/01/1960
What if you only want flights that were before a specific

date, such as 14DEC2000?
79
Using SAS Date Constants

The constant 'ddMMMyyyy'd (example: '14dec2000'd)
creates a SAS date value from the date enclosed in
quotation marks.
dd
is a one- or two-digit value for the day.
MMM is a three-letter abbreviation for the month

(JAN, FEB, MAR, and so on).
80
yyyy
is a four-digit value for the year.
is required to convert the quoted string

to a SAS date.

data over175;
set ia.dfwlax;
length City $ 11;
if Total gt 175 and Date lt '14dec2000'd;
City='Dallas';
end;
City='Los Angeles';
end;
run;
81
c07s2d7

format Date date9.;
run;
The SAS System
82
Obs
Dest
1
2
LAX
LAX
City
Los Angeles
Los Angeles
Flight
114
439
Date
12DEC2000
13DEC2000
Total
Revenue
185
210
234000
263200
c07s2d7
Subsetting Data
What if the data were in a raw data file instead
of a SAS data set?
data over175;
infile 'raw-data-file';
input @1 Flight $3. @4 Date mmddyy8.
@12 Dest $3. @15 FirstClass 3.
@18 Economy 3.;
length City $ 11;
if Total gt 175 and Date lt '14dec2000'd;
City='Dallas';
end;
City='Los Angeles';
end;
83run;
c07s2d8
Subsetting Data
format Date date9.;
run;
The SAS System
84
Obs
Dest
1
2
LAX
LAX
City
Los Angeles
Los Angeles
Flight
114
439
Date
12DEC2000
13DEC2000
Total
Revenue
185
210
234000
263200
c07s2d8
WHERE or Subsetting IF?

Step and Usage
WHERE
IF
Yes
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Variable in ALL data sets
Yes
Yes
Variable not in ALL data sets
No
Yes
PROC step
DATA step (source of variable)
INPUT statement
Assignment statement
SET statement (single data set)
SET/MERGE (multiple data sets)
85

Use a WHERE statement and a subsetting IF statement
in the same step.
data over175;
set ia.dfwlax;
where Date lt '14dec2000'd;
length City $ 11;
if Total gt 175;
City='Dallas';
end;
City='Los Angeles';
end;
run;
86
c07s2d9

format Date date9.;
run;
The SAS System
87
Obs
Dest
1
2
LAX
LAX
City
Los Angeles
Los Angeles
Flight
114
439
Date
12DEC2000
13DEC2000
Total
185
210
Revenue
234000
263200
c07s2d9
Exercises
previously.
88


(Self-Study)
89
Objectives
90
Compare DROP and KEEP statements to DROP=

and KEEP= data set options.
Selecting Variables
You can use a DROP= or KEEP= data set option in a
DATA statement to control which variables are written
to the new SAS data set.
General form of the DROP= and KEEP= data set options:
SAS-data-set(DROP=variables)
SAS-data-set(DROP=variables)
or
or
SAS-data-set(KEEP=variables)
SAS-data-set(KEEP=variables)
91
Selecting Variables
Equivalent
Do not store the variables FirstClass and Economy in

the onboard data set.
data onboard(drop=FirstClass Economy);

set ia.dfwlax;
run;
data onboard(keep=Flight Date Dest Total);
D
D
PDV
Flight Date Dest FirstClass Economy Total
.
92
.
c07s3d1
...
Selecting Variables
format Date date9.;
run;
The SAS System
Obs
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
93
Flight
439
921
114
982
439
982
431
982
114
982
Date
11DEC2000
11DEC2000
12DEC2000
12DEC2000
13DEC2000
13DEC2000
14DEC2000
14DEC2000
15DEC2000
15DEC2000
Dest
Total
LAX
DFW
LAX
dfw
LAX
DFW
LaX
DFW
LAX
DFW
157
151
185
90
210
131
183
95
.
45
c07s3d1
Equivalent
94
DROP= and KEEP= data set options in a DATA statement

are similar to DROP and KEEP statements.
data onboard(drop=FirstClass Economy);
set ia.dfwlax;
run;
data onboard(keep=Flight Date Dest Total);
data onboard;
drop FirstClass Economy;
set ia.dfwlax;
run;
Equivalent Steps
Equivalent
Selecting Variables
keep Flight Date Dest Total;

c07s3d2
...
Exercises
previously.
95

7.4 Reading Excel Spreadsheets Containing

Date Fields (Self-Study)
96
Objectives
97
Create a SAS data set from an Excel spreadsheet that

contains date fields.
Create a SAS data set from an Excel spreadsheet that
contains datetime fields.
Business Task
The flight data for Dallas and Los Angeles are in an
Excel spreadsheet. The departure date is stored as
a date field in the spreadsheet.
Excel Spreadsheet
SAS Data Set
98
Importing Date Fields

Use the IMPORT procedure to create a SAS data set
from the spreadsheet containing date fields.
proc import out=work.dfwlaxdates
datafile='datefields.xls'
dbms=excel2000 replace;
run;
proc print data=work.dfwlaxdates;
run;
99
c07s4d1
Importing Date Fields

PROC IMPORT automatically converts the spreadsheet
date fields to SAS date values and assigns the DATE9.
format.
The SAS System
100
Obs
Flight
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
439
921
114
982
439
982
431
982
114
982
Date
11DEC2000
11DEC2000
12DEC2000
12DEC2000
13DEC2000
13DEC2000
14DEC2000
14DEC2000
15DEC2000
15DEC2000
Dest
First
Class
Economy
LAX
DFW
LAX
dfw
LAX
DFW
LaX
DFW
LAX
DFW
20
20
15
5
14
15
17
7
.
14
137
131
170
85
196
116
166
88
187
31
Importing Date-Time Fields

PROC IMPORT also converts spreadsheet fields that
contain datetime information into SAS date values
and assigns the DATE9. format.
Excel Spreadsheet
Excel Spreadsheet
SAS Data Set
101

To import datetime fields as SAS datetime values, add
the USEDATE=NO statement to the PROC IMPORT step.
proc import out=work.dfwlaxdatetimes
datafile='datetimefields.xls'
dbms=excel2000 replace;
usedate=no;
run;
proc print data=work.dfwlaxdatetimes;
run;
102
c07s4d2
SAS Datetime Values

A SAS datetime value is interpreted as the number
of seconds between midnight, January 1, 1960, and
a specific date and time.
01JAN1960:00:00:00
31DEC1959:23:59:00
01JAN1960:00:01:00
informat
-3600
-60
60
3600
format
31DEC1959:23:00:00
103
01JAN1960:01:00:00

The DATETIME19. format is assigned to the
SAS datetime values.
The SAS System
104
Obs
Flight
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
439
921
114
982
439
982
431
982
114
982
DateTime
11DEC2000:09:30:00
11DEC2000:13:40:00
12DEC2000:17:00:00
12DEC2000:18:10:00
13DEC2000:09:30:00
13DEC2000:18:10:00
14DEC2000:13:00:00
14DEC2000:18:10:00
15DEC2000:17:00:00
15DEC2000:18:10:00
Dest
First
Class
Economy
LAX
DFW
LAX
dfw
LAX
DFW
LaX
DFW
LAX
DFW
20
20
15
5
14
15
17
7
.
14
137
131
170
85
196
116
166
88
187
31
The DATEPART Function

You can use the DATEPART function to extract the
date portion of a SAS datetime value.
DATEPART(SASdatetime) returns the SAS date value
from a SAS datetime value.
data convert;
Time='01DEC00:09:15'dt;
Date=datepart(Time);
run;
PDV
Time
1291281300
105
Date
14945
Exercises
previously.
106

Chapter 7: DATA Step Programming: 7.1 Reading SAS Data Sets and Creating Variables

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Chapter 7: DATA Step Programming: 7.1 Reading SAS Data Sets and Creating Variables

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Chapter 7: DATA Step Programming

7.1 Reading SAS Data Sets and Creating Variables

7.2 Conditional Processing

7.3 Dropping and Keeping Variables (Self-Study)