Industries

Made By:
Himanshu Baid
Class: VIII A
Roll No:12

IRON AND STEEL

INDUSTRY

Introduction:
Iron and Steel Industry in India is on an upswing because of
the strong global and domestic demand.
India's rapid economic growth and soaring demand by
sectors like infrastructure, real estate and automobiles, at
home and abroad, has put Indian steel industry on the global
map.
According to the latest report by International Iron and Steel
Institute (IISI), India is the 4th largest steel producer in the
world.

IRON ORE

PROCESSING OF IRON AND STEEL

MINING
Mining is the first step in the production of iron
and steel.
Earth is excavated deep in search of iron ore.
Breaking and cutting of iron ore takes place to
receive raw iron.

Raw Materials from the iron ore are put in a particularly

hot fire lead in the embers of the fire.
This is done to get the mixture of Iron Ore and Charcoal
that is burnt with the help of a blast of air from hand
worked
bellows.

HISTORY OF IRON AND STEEL INDUSTRY IN

INDIA
Iron and Steel industry in the country has experienced a
sustainable growth since the independence of the country.
A humble beginning of the modern steel industry was reached in
India at Kulti in West Bengal in the year 1870.
But the outset of bigger production became noticeable with the
establishment of a steel plant. It started plant in Jamshedpur in
Bihar in 1907. It started production in 1912.
The new township was named after Jamshed ji Tata.
It was, however, only after Independence that the steel
industry was able to find a strong foothold in the country.
Excluding the Jamshedpur plant of the Tatas, all are in the
public sector and looked after by Steel Authority of India Ltd.

THE PRESENT SCENARIO OF THE

INDUSTRY
India has one of the richest reserves of all the raw materials required for
the industry, namely land, capital, cheap labour, iron ore, power, coal etc.
Yet we are 4th in the world ranking for production of steel.
We produced 66.8 million tonnes in 2010-11, while China, at the top of the
list, produced 626.7 million tonnes.
Our per capita consumption of steel in India (at 50 kg per annum) is well
below the world average (at about 200 kg per annum) and much below
that of the developed world (around 350 kg per annum).

EXTRACTION OF IRON

INDIAS EXPORT OF IRON AND STEEL

Conclusion :
We develop economic as well as engineering indicators for productivity
growth, technical change and energy consumption that allow us to
investigate savings potentials in specific energy use as well as carbon
dioxide emissions. We discuss our findings within a broader context of
structural and policy changes in the sector. The economic analysis shows
that productivity has been decreasing over time. The decline in
productivity was caused largely by government protection regarding
prices and distribution of steel and by inefficiencies in integrated steel
plants that were reserved to the public sector. With liberalization of the
iron and steel industry productivity increased
substantially to positive growth rates.
We further introduce cost effective and low cost potentials for reducing
energy consumption as well as carbon emissions. In comparing Indian
energy consumption to best practice energy consumption we show that
energy savings of about 50% could be achieved. However, the
implementation of initiatives towards energy efficiency is being hampered
by barriers both of general and process specific nature occurring at the

N
TECHNOLOG
Y

11

WHAT IS INFORMATION
TECHNOLOGY?

Information technology is
the study of engineering
computer applications to
support the operation of
an organization :
operating , installing and
maintaining software and
data.
12

BASICS OF INFORMATION
TECHNOLOGY
COMPUTER
COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY
CONTENT TECHNOLOGY
CHARACTERISTICS OF A COMPUTER
COMPONENTS OF A COMPUTER SYSTEM
MEMORY
UNITS OF MEMORY
STORAGE DEVICES
TYPES OF SOFTWARE
COMPUTER NETWORKING
14

COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY
Communication technology is the
study of technology applications
used in telecommunications.

15

Information
technology

Humans have been storing, retrieving, manipulating and communicating

information since theSumeriansinMesopotamiadevelopedwritingin
about 3000BC,[5]but the terminformation technologyin its modern
sense first appeared in a 1958 article published in theHarvard Business
Review; authorsHarold J. Leavittand Thomas L. Whisler commented
that "the new technology does not yet have a single established name.
We shall call it information technology (IT)."
Their definition consists of three categories: techniques for processing,
the application of statistical and mathematical methods to decisionmaking, and the simulation of higher-order thinking through computer
programs.

CONCLUSION:The evolution of information technology

reached a turning point with the development
of the Internet. Once a government project,
the Internet was created for military purposes.
Through the course of its development,
researchers began finding other uses for the
network, and use of the technology spread
worldwide. Access to the Internet today by
individuals, businesses, and institutions alike

COTTON
TEXTILE

Opening & Cleaning(Picker)

Carding

Combing

Knitting Loom

Stages/Sectors In Textile:
i.

Raw Material

ii.

Carding & Combing

iii.

Dyeing

iv.

Spinning

v.

Winding

vi.

Re-Winding

vii.

Knitting

viii. Finishing
ix.

Garmenting

x.

Packaging

Factors
Geographical factors

i.

Land availability of cheap price

ii.

Raw material

iii.

Climate

iv.

Availability of water

v.

Availability of energy resources

Socio- economic factors

i.

Capital

ii.

Skilled labor

iii.

Transport and communication facilities

iv.

Market and demand

v.

Government patronage

vi.

Management & other factors

Global Textiles Fact Sheet

Worlds Major Cotton Producers
25%
4%
6%
8% 12%

China
US
India
Pakistan
Uzbeikistan
Turkey
Others

25%
21%

PRODUCTION OF FIBRES

India
(Million Kg)

Raw cotton

4122

Man-made fibre

1023

PRODUCTION OF YARN
Cotton yarn

2272

Total spun yarn

3223

Man-made filament yarn

1109

Geographical Location

WHAT IS COTTON TEXTILE

INDUSTRY
Thetextile industryorapparel industryis primarily concerned with the
production of yarn, andclothand the subsequent design or manufacture
ofclothingand their distribution. The raw material may be natural, or
synthetic using products of thechemical industry. The textile industry
grew out of theindustrial revolutionin the 18th Century as
mass productionof yarn and cloth became a mainstream industry.[7]
In 1734 inBury, Lancashire,John Kayinvented theflying shuttle one of
the first of a series ofinventionsassociated with the cotton industry. The
flying shuttle increased the width of cotton cloth and speed of production
of a single weaver at aloom.[8]Resistance by workers to the perceived
threat
to jobs delayed the widespread introduction of this technology, even

History And Development

Handicraft & Household Industry

Weaving dyeing & printing

Machine fabrication

Thank You